{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:59:32Z","timestamp":1777611572579,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We report the case of a patient with aplastic anemia and pancytopenia on immune-suppressive therapy who developed invasive pulmonary infection with mucormycosis and was treated with immune adjuvant therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CASE SUMMARY:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Given the patient\u2019s profound lymphopenia and progressive invasive mucor despite dual antifungal drug therapy, interleukin (IL)-7, a cytokine that induces lymphocyte activation and proliferation, was instituted and resulted in normalization of absolute lymphocyte counts and was temporally associated with clearance of fungal pathogens and resolution of clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with life-threatening fungal infections are frequently immune suppressed and immune adjuvant therapies should be considered in patients who are not responding to antifungal drugs and source control. Well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to advance the field. Although a number of immune adjuvants may be beneficial in fungal sepsis, IL-7 is a particularly attractive immune adjuvant because of its broad immunologic effects on key immunologic pathways that mediate enhanced antifungal immune system activity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cce.0000000000000990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T19:05:14Z","timestamp":1697742314000},"page":"e0990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Adjuvant Therapy With Interleukin-7 in a Lymphopenic Patient With Aplastic Anemia and Mucormycosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Crees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilan A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Bern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison 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