{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:02:51Z","timestamp":1777874571293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000007012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T15:00:29Z","timestamp":1767020429000},"page":"667-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monitoring Respiratory Effort During High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy: Any Role for Diaphragmatic Ultrasound?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Langer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda, Milan, Italy."},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326","article-title":"High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.","volume":"372","author":"Frat","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000345","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula oxygen in adult patients: A narrative review.","volume":"349","author":"Sotello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-0916OC","article-title":"Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.","volume":"195","author":"Mauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R4-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07306","article-title":"Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula in healthy subjects.","volume":"65","author":"Delorme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R5-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3693-5","article-title":"Failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy may delay intubation and increase mortality.","volume":"41","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R6-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201803-0589OC","article-title":"An index combining respiratory rate and oxygenation to predict outcome of nasal high-flow therapy.","volume":"199","author":"Roca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R7-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04567-7","article-title":"Performance of the ROX index in predicting high flow nasal cannula failure in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"27","author":"Yau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R8-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2193CI","article-title":"The application of esophageal pressure measurement in patients with respiratory failure.","volume":"189","author":"Akoumianaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R9-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006994","article-title":"The impact of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on diaphragmatic function assessed by ultrasound: A pilot clinical study.","volume":"54","author":"Gotti","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R10-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105233242101","article-title":"A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation.","volume":"324","author":"Yang","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"R11-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01597","article-title":"The rapid shallow breathing index as a predictor of failure of noninvasive ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure.","volume":"57","author":"Berg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R12-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02133-5","article-title":"Diaphragmatic ultrasonography-based rapid shallow breathing index for predicting weaning outcome during a pressure support ventilation spontaneous breathing trial.","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"R13-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1479-y","article-title":"Can diaphragmatic ultrasonography performed during the T-tube trial predict weaning failure? The role of diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index.","volume":"20","author":"Spadaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R14-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01203-z","article-title":"Physiological effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation: A randomized crossover study.","volume":"13","author":"Basoalto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:01:03Z","timestamp":1777579263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ccm.0000000000007012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-3493","1530-0293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-3493","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}