{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1783959021472,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advancement of medical science is dependent on the development of clinician-scientists; however, the factors contributing to a successful transition to research independence remain unknown, especially in critical care. We aimed to determine factors associated with submission of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01-level award among pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) physicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Web-based survey administered from September 2024 to November 2024 in academic pediatric critical care divisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCCM physicians who received an NIH career development award (K award; either institutional [K12, KL2] or individual [K08, K23, K99\/R00]) between 2014 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were asked about award, recipient, and institutional characteristics and work hours. We used multivariable generalized linear regression to identify factors associated with R01 submission. Among 122 PCCM K award recipients, 102 (83.6%) completed the survey. Among 76 respondents who had completed or were within 1 year of completing K award funding, 53 (69.7%) had submitted an R01. Factors independently associated with higher likelihood of R01 submission were: 1) receipt of an individual K award (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 2.38; 95% CI, 1.30\u20134.38) or an institutional followed by an individual K award (aRR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.19\u20133.83) relative to an institutional award only; 2) conducting basic science research (aRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11\u20131.89); 3) receiving an NIH Loan Repayment Program award (aRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21\u20132.19); 4) having fewer other K award recipients in the PCCM division (aRR, 2.33 for 0 vs. 3 or more; 95% CI, 1.45\u20133.76); and 5) working fewer nightshift hours (aRR, 1.89 for first vs. fourth quartile; 95% CI, 1.17\u20133.06).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among over 100 PCCM K award recipients, both individual and institutional factors were associated with R01 submission, suggesting potential targets for efforts to support the transition to independence for K award recipients and bolster growth of the clinician-scientist workforce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000007109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:00:52Z","timestamp":1774533652000},"page":"1534-1545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors Associated With R01 Submission Among Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Career Development Award Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Y.","family":"Killien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA."},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior, & Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, WA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin F.","family":"Carlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Heneghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Typpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX."},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoopindar","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Pathways to Independence Special Interest Group of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators 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