{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:48:32Z","timestamp":1790866112509,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/cco.0b013e32833c3351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,7]],"date-time":"2010-07-07T03:48:16Z","timestamp":1278474496000},"page":"492-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Current clinical use of biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Richard G","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"MacLaughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1340","article-title":"Management of the adnexal mass","volume":"55","author":"Curtin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R4-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj019","article-title":"Effect of surgeon specialty on processes of care and outcomes for ovarian cancer patients","volume":"98","author":"Earle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R5-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6460","article-title":"A population-based study of patterns of care for ovarian cancer: who is seen by a gynecologic oncologist and who is not?","volume":"84","author":"Carney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R6-16-20210128","first-page":"568","article-title":"Misstaging of ovarian cancer","volume":"65","author":"McGowan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R7-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.08.010","article-title":"Ovarian cancer: patterns of surgical care across the United States","volume":"103","author":"Goff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R8-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200602001-00002","article-title":"Improved short-term survival for advanced ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancer patients operated at teaching hospitals","volume":"16","author":"Paulsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R9-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110380","article-title":"Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Bast","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R10-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1093","article-title":"What is a normal CA125 level?","volume":"53","author":"Alagoz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R11-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70381-2","article-title":"Serum tumor marker immunoassays in gynecologic oncology: establishment of reference values","volume":"174","author":"Bon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80081-4","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of serum CA 125 levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with pelvic masses: discrimination of benign from malignant disease","volume":"159","author":"Malkasian","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-16-20210128","first-page":"414","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of serum CA 125 levels in patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"67","author":"Einhorn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1179","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study on CA 125 in postmenopausal pelvic masses","volume":"54","author":"Maggino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R15-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0150","article-title":"Effects of personal characteristics on serum CA125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in healthy postmenopausal women at high-risk for ovarian cancer","volume":"17","author":"Lowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R16-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1034","article-title":"Influence of ovarian cancer risk status on the diagnostic performance of the serum biomarkers mesothelin, HE4, and CA125","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R17-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3924","article-title":"Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed by serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas","volume":"65","author":"Drapkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R18-16-20210128","first-page":"6281","article-title":"Large-scale serial analysis of gene expression reveals genes differentially expressed in ovarian cancer","volume":"60","author":"Hough","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R19-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00035-9","article-title":"Monitoring gene expression profile changes in ovarian carcinomas using cDNA microarray","volume":"229","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R20-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0409","article-title":"Selection of potential markers for epithelial ovarian cancer with gene expression arrays and recursive descent partition analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R21-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800612","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of HE4 expression in normal and malignant human tissues","volume":"19","author":"Galgano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R22-16-20210128","first-page":"3695","article-title":"The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma","volume":"63","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R23-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605011","article-title":"Serum HE4 concentration differentiates malignant ovarian tumours from ovarian endometriotic cysts","volume":"100","author":"Huhtinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R24-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.06.040","article-title":"Potential markers that complement expression of CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"99","author":"Rosen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R25-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.10.017","article-title":"The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass","volume":"108","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R26-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5882","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0746","article-title":"Three biomarkers identified from serum proteomic analysis for the detection of early stage ovarian cancer","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R27-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1276","article-title":"Combinations of multiple serum markers are superior to individual assays for discriminating malignant from benign pelvic masses","volume":"59","author":"Woolas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R28-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20011201)92:11<2837::AID-CNCR10093>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"OVX1, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and CA-125-II as tumor markers for epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a critical appraisal","volume":"92","author":"Haaften-Day","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R29-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(92)90030-M","article-title":"The concomitant determination of different tumor markers in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and benign ovarian masses: relevance for differential diagnosis","volume":"44","author":"Gadducci","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R30-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911015)68:8<1758::AID-CNCR2820680819>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Coordinate elevation of serum markers in ovarian cancer but not in benign disease","volume":"68","author":"Bast","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R31-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3109\/02841868909092288","article-title":"CA 125 assay used in conjunction with CA 15-3 and TAG-72 assays for discrimination between malignant and nonmalignant diseases of the ovary","volume":"28","author":"Einhorn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"R32-16-20210128","first-page":"249","article-title":"Preoperative serum tumor-associated antigen levels in women with pelvic masses","volume":"75","author":"Soper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.03.091","article-title":"Preoperative sensitivity and specificity for early-stage ovarian cancer when combining cancer antigen CA-125II, CA 15-3, CA 72-4, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor using mixtures of multivariate normal distributions","volume":"22","author":"Skates","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R34-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.08.009","article-title":"Combining multiple serum tumor markers improves detection of stage I epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R35-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5320","article-title":"Combination of multiple serum markers using an artificial neural network to improve specificity in discriminating malignant from benign pelvic masses","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R36-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.02.005","article-title":"Serum biomarker panels for the discrimination of benign from malignant cases in patients with an adnexal mass.","volume":"117","author":"Nolen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R37-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004599","article-title":"Development and preliminary evaluation of a multivariant index assay for ovarian cancer","volume":"4","author":"Amonkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R38-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.08.031","article-title":"A novel multiple marker bioassay utilizing HE4 and CA125 for the prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass","volume":"112","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R39-16-20210128","first-page":"1749","article-title":"Ovarian carcinoma subtypes are different diseases: implication for biomarker studies","volume":"12","author":"Kobel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R40-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020802197889","article-title":"Protein expression levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in Danish ovarian cancer patients: from the Danish \u2018MALOVA\u2019 ovarian cancer study","volume":"40","author":"Hogdall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R41-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90394-Z","article-title":"Pretreatment serum levels of CA-125, carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, and placental alkaline phosphatase in patients with ovarian carcinoma: influence of histological type, grade of differentiation, and clinical stage of disease","volume":"39","author":"Tholander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R42-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311183292104","article-title":"Elevated serum inhibin concentrations in postmenopausal women with ovarian tumors","volume":"329","author":"Healy","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R43-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0235","article-title":"Total inhibin is a potential serum marker for epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"92","author":"Tsigkou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R44-16-20210128","first-page":"14","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of serum CA 125 levels for early detection of ovarian cancer","volume":"80","author":"Einhorn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R45-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.6642","article-title":"Prospective study using the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm to screen for ovarian cancer","volume":"23","author":"Menon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"R46-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951115)76:10+<2004::AID-CNCR2820761317>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Toward an optimal algorithm for ovarian cancer screening with longitudinal tumor markers","volume":"76","author":"Skates","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"R47-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.02.955","article-title":"Calculation of the risk of ovarian cancer from serial CA-125 values for preclinical detection in postmenopausal women","volume":"21","author":"Skates","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R48-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70026-9","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of multimodal and ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer, and stage distribution of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)","volume":"10","author":"Menon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R49-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01035.x","article-title":"A randomized study of screening for ovarian cancer: a multicenter study in Japan.","volume":"18","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R50-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31819cda77","article-title":"Results from four rounds of ovarian cancer screening in a randomized trial","volume":"113","author":"Partridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R51-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2005.00441.x","article-title":"New tumor markers: CA125 and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Bast","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R52-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1569","article-title":"Diagnostic markers for early detection of ovarian cancer","volume":"14","author":"Visintin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R53-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.12.042","article-title":"Validation of serum biomarkers for detection of early-stage ovarian cancer","volume":"200","author":"Nosov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R54-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.10.087","article-title":"Use of a Symptom Index, CA125, and HE4 to predict ovarian cancer","volume":"116","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R55-16-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2005.00130.x","article-title":"CA125 in ovarian cancer: European Group on Tumor Markers guidelines for clinical use","volume":"15","author":"Duffy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32833c3351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:29:48Z","timestamp":1786040988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001622-201009000-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cco.0b013e32833c3351","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}