{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:32:51Z","timestamp":1786120371446,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/cco.0b013e32834ea6bb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]],"date-time":"2011-12-03T17:05:39Z","timestamp":1322931939000},"page":"117-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Multidisciplinary treatment of malignant thymoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Spaggiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Guarize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","article-title":"Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies.","volume":"105","author":"Engels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R2-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(94)01493-M","article-title":"Thymoma: results of a multicentric retrospective series of 149 nonmetastatic irradiated patients and review of the literature. FNCLCC trialists. Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer.","volume":"34","author":"Cowen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R3-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(20)31934-6","article-title":"Thymoma: a clinicopathologic study.","volume":"42","author":"Bernatz","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R4-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00737071","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: relation of thymoma epithelial cells to the cortical and medullary differentiation of thymus.","volume":"407","author":"Marino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"R7-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10226","article-title":"The World Health Organization histologic classification system reflects the oncological behavior of thymoma: a clinical study of 273 patients.","volume":"94","author":"Okumura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R8-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10665","article-title":"New WHO histologic classification predicts prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 200 thymoma cases from China.","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R9-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200101000-00012","article-title":"Clinical and functional significance of WHO classification of human thymic ephitelial neoplasm. A study of 146 consecutive tumors.","volume":"25","author":"Okumura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R10-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00798-0","article-title":"Thymoma: a clinicopathology study based on the new World Health Organization classification.","volume":"126","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R11-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811201)48:11<2485::AID-CNCR2820481123>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages.","volume":"48","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R12-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.11.067","article-title":"Clinical value of the WHO classification system of thymoma.","volume":"81","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R13-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02633-9","article-title":"Thymoma: trend over time.","volume":"72","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R14-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(91)90210-B","article-title":"Seventeen years of surgical treatment of thymoma: factors influencing survival.","volume":"5","author":"Gamondes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R15-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911101)68:9<1984::AID-CNCR2820680923>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"A tentative tumor-node-metastasis classification of thymoma.","volume":"68","author":"Yamakawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R16-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.07.019","article-title":"Proposal of a novel system for the staging of thymic epithelial tumors.","volume":"80","author":"Bedini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R17-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1320 patients from Japan.","volume":"76","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R18-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.3133","article-title":"Thymoma associated with keratoconjunctivitis, lichen planus, hypogammaglobinemia, and absent circulating B cells.","volume":"24","author":"Hon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R19-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540500372663","article-title":"Thymoma with immunodeficiency (Goods syndrome): review of the literature apropos three cases.","volume":"38","author":"Miyakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000032502.89361.0C","article-title":"Thymoma in patients with MG: characteristics and long-term outcome.","volume":"59","author":"Evoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R21-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00669-C","article-title":"Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival.","volume":"60","author":"Blumberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R22-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)00376-1","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis patients: a 20-year review.","volume":"62","author":"Masaoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thor Surg"},{"key":"R23-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35684-3","article-title":"Maximal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.","volume":"95","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R24-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62457-5","article-title":"An improved technique to facilitate transcervical thymectomy for myasthena gravis.","volume":"45","author":"Cooper","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R25-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70151-4","article-title":"Results of video-assisted thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.","volume":"112","author":"Mack","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R26-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3454","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracic surgery thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis.","volume":"128","author":"Manalulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R27-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.030","article-title":"Experience with the da Vinci robotic system for thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis: report of 33 cases.","volume":"81","author":"Rea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R28-3-20210128","first-page":"378","article-title":"Extended thymectomy without sternotomy performed by cervicotomy and thoracoscopic technique in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.","volume":"94","author":"Novellino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"R29-3-20210128","first-page":"1878","article-title":"Video-assisted extended thymectomy in patients with thymoma by lifting the sternum: is it safe Ann Thorac S","volume":"77","author":"Aubert","year":"2004","journal-title":"urg"},{"key":"R30-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-0679(99)70021-3","article-title":"Transcervical thymectomy.","volume":"11","author":"Ferguson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R31-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.3010","article-title":"Videothoracoscopic resection of stage II thymoma: prospective comparison of the results between thoracoscopy and open methods.","volume":"128","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R32-3-20210128","first-page":"38","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of traditional and videothoracoscopic thymectomies in complex treatment of myasthenic thymomas.","volume":"164","author":"Iablonski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vestn Khir Im I I Grek"},{"key":"R33-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.755","article-title":"Prognostic and clinical relevance of the World Health Organization schema for the classification of thymic epithelial tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 108 patients and literature review.","volume":"127","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R34-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.04.041","article-title":"Long-term survival and prognostic factors in thymic epithelial tumours.","volume":"26","author":"Rea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R35-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113","article-title":"Tumor recurrence and survival in patient treated for thymomas and thymic squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Strobel","year":"2044","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R36-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.08.074","article-title":"Thirty-five-year follow-up analysis of clinical and pathologic outcomes of thymoma surgery.","volume":"89","author":"Margaritora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R37-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-926-EPATPE","article-title":"Evidence-based pathology and the pathologic evaluation of thymomas: transcapsular invasion is not a significant prognostic feature.","volume":"132","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R38-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31818e105c","article-title":"Thymoma: a focus on current therapeutic management.","volume":"4","author":"Girard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"R39-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.12.095","article-title":"Thymomas: review of current clinical pratice.","volume":"87","author":"Tomaszek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R41-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.066","article-title":"Role of adjuvant radiotherapy for stage II thymoma after complete tumor resection.","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys"},{"key":"R42-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90478-9","article-title":"Thymoma: results of 241 operated cases.","volume":"51","author":"Maggi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R43-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113","article-title":"Tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated for thymomas and thymic squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis.","volume":"22","author":"Strobel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R44-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.03.055","article-title":"The role of surgery in the management of thymoma: a systematic review.","volume":"86","author":"Davenport","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R46-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.10.001","article-title":"Thymic tumors.","volume":"77","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R47-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00819-1","article-title":"Comparison of stages I-II thymoma trested by complete resection with or without adjuvant radiation.","volume":"76","author":"Singhal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R48-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.11.022","article-title":"Adjuvant radiotherapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"87","author":"Korst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R49-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181e8f345","article-title":"The role of radiation therapy in malignant thymoma. A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Fernandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"R50-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00079-E","article-title":"Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for invasive thymomas: a multicentric restrospective review of 90 cases. The FNCLCC trialists. Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer.","volume":"32","author":"Mornex","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R51-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00514-3","article-title":"Stage III thymoma: pattern of failure after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and its implication for future study.","volume":"46","author":"Myojin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R52-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(94)01493-M","article-title":"Thymoma: results of a multicentric retrospective series of 149 nonmetastatic irradiated patients and review of the literature. FNCLCC trialists. Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer.","volume":"34","author":"Cowen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R53-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(91)90078-U","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in invasive thymoma.","volume":"21","author":"Jackson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R54-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2008.01.015","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pleural recurrence from thymoma.","volume":"33","author":"Lucchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"R55-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(92)90227-L","article-title":"Aggressive treatment of intrathoracic recurrences of thymoma.","volume":"24","author":"Urgesi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R56-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2003.12.010","article-title":"Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report.","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"R57-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.07.049","article-title":"Feasibility of multimodality therapy including extended resections in stage IVa thymoma.","volume":"134","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R58-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000097944","article-title":"Persistent and aggressive treatment for thymic carcinoma. Results of a single-institute experience with 25 patients.","volume":"70","author":"Maruyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"R59-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00006","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to therapy for unresectable malignant thymoma.","volume":"129","author":"Shin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Inter Med"},{"key":"R60-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00629-2","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of thymoma: a prospective study.","volume":"64","author":"Venuta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R61-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.01.026","article-title":"Prognostic indicators after surgery for thymoma.","volume":"89","author":"Okereke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R62-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.08.051","article-title":"Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by resection for locally advanced Masaoka stage III and IVa thymic tumors.","volume":"85","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R63-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02656-6","article-title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in thymic carcinoma: treatment results and prognostic factors.","volume":"52","author":"Hsu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R64-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2007.05.016","article-title":"Multimodal treatment of thymic carcinoma: report of nine cases.","volume":"59","author":"Magois","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung cancer"},{"key":"R65-3-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10588","article-title":"Treatment and prognosis of thymic carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 40 cases.","volume":"94","author":"Ogawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32834ea6bb","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:28:09Z","timestamp":1786048089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001622-201203000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cco.0b013e32834ea6bb","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}