{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:06:45Z","timestamp":1786324005471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":319,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely ranks among the deadliest diseases in human history. As with other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 infection damages not only the lungs but also the heart and many other organs that express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has upended lives worldwide. Dietary behaviors have been altered such that they favor metabolic and cardiovascular complications, while patients have avoided hospital visits because of limited resources and the fear of infection, thereby increasing out-hospital mortality due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Clinical observations show that sex, age, and race all influence the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as do hypertension, obesity, and pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Many hospitalized COVID-19 patients suffer cardiac injury, acute coronary syndromes, or cardiac arrhythmia. SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis, endothelial cell damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production, vasoconstriction, fibrotic and thrombotic protein expression, vascular permeability and microvascular dysfunction, heart inflammatory cell accumulation and activation, and a cytokine storm. Current data indicate that COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular diseases should not discontinue many existing cardiovascular therapies such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, steroids, aspirin, statins, and PCSK9 inhibitors. This review aims to furnish a framework relating to COVID-19 and cardiovascular pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cd9.0000000000000038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T16:47:35Z","timestamp":1637686055000},"page":"233-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["COVID-19, the Pandemic of the Century and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Libby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602183","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.602183","article-title":"The role of MSC therapy in attenuating the damaging effects of the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19 on the heart and cardiovascular system","volume":"7","author":"Ellison-Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R2-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R3-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02872-z","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients","volume":"24","author":"Fanelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R4-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09536-z","article-title":"Altered lipid metabolism in recovered SARS patients twelve years after infection","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R5-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R6-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01626-9","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R7-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2016.78","article-title":"Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"36","author":"Alhogbani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R8-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061583","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R9-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061807","article-title":"Covid-19 confinement and changes of adolescent's dietary trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Roso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R10-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082289","article-title":"Changes of physical activity and ultra-processed food consumption in adolescents from different countries during Covid-19 pandemic: an observational study","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Roso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R11-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072016","article-title":"Changes in weight and nutritional habits in adults with obesity during the \u201clockdown\u201d period caused by the COVID-19 virus emergency","volume":"12","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"(18)","key":"R12-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.031","article-title":"Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"Driggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(10229)","key":"R13-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R14-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(18)","key":"R15-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R16-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1017","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R17-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0950","article-title":"Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R18-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.03.001","article-title":"Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): evidence from a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R19-20250817","first-page":"456","article-title":"Impact of complicated myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"48","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R20-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.054","article-title":"International impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis of heart disease","volume":"77","author":"Einstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R21-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa452","article-title":"Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with acute and chronic aortic conditions","volume":"59","author":"Czerny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R22-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.08.043","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on acute admissions at the emergency and cardiology departments across Europe","volume":"134","author":"Sokolski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R23-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.546","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical reperfusion for patients with STEMI","volume":"76","author":"De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R24-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa352","article-title":"Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the Italian congenital cardiac surgery system: a national survey","volume":"58","author":"Giamberti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R25-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0242653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242653","article-title":"Hospital admissions during Covid-19 lock-down in Germany: Differences in discretionary and unavoidable cardiovascular events","volume":"15","author":"St\u00f6hr","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R26-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009654","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009654","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on percutaneous coronary intervention in England: insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society PCI Database Cohort","volume":"13","author":"Kwok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"(14)","key":"R27-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-20-01291","article-title":"Performing elective cardiac invasive procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak: a position statement from the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)","volume":"16","author":"Chieffo","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"R28-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.10.074","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of outpatient cardiovascular care","volume":"231","author":"Wosik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R29-20250817","first-page":"371","article-title":"Reduction in hospitalization and increase in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil","volume":"116","author":"Normando","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R30-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317912","article-title":"Place and causes of acute cardiovascular mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"107","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R31-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009438","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.120.009438","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction presentations and in-hospital outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"R32-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e927061","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.927061","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention and the use of a telemedicine app before and after the COVID-19 pandemic at a center in Beijing, China, from August 2019 to March 2020","volume":"26","author":"Nan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R33-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19856473","article-title":"Can WeChat group-based intervention reduce reperfusion time in patients with ST-segment myocardial infarction? A controlled before and after study","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"(17)","key":"R34-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.904308","article-title":"Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from an endophytic Aspergillus sp. associated with Melia azedarach","volume":"28","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"R35-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.09.002","article-title":"Rationale and design of a large-scale, app-based study to identify cardiac arrhythmias using a smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study","volume":"207","author":"Turakhia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R36-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1165","article-title":"Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14 786 middle-aged men and women in Finland","volume":"99","author":"Jousilahti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(19)","key":"R37-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968792","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes","volume":"124","author":"Mosca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R38-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202639","article-title":"The age pattern of the male-to-female ratio in mortality from COVID-19 mirrors that of cardiovascular disease in the general population","volume":"13","author":"Nimgaonkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"(41)","key":"R39-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa697","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"41","author":"Wallentin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"(9623)","key":"R40-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60313-X","article-title":"Age as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"371","author":"Sniderman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R41-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018476","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018476","article-title":"Admission cardiac diagnostic testing with electrocardiography and troponin measurement prognosticates increased 30-day mortality in COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Poterucha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R42-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.02.011","article-title":"Are children less susceptible to COVID-19","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R43-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050065","article-title":"Acute cardiovascular manifestations in 286 children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection in Europe","volume":"143","author":"Valverde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(10239)","key":"R44-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31103-X","article-title":"An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Verdoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(Suppl Pt t)","key":"R45-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/suaa168","article-title":"COVID-19 and paediatric patient involvement (cardiovascular aspects)","volume":"22","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"issue":"(9\u201310)","key":"R47-20250817","first-page":"e36","article-title":"The intersection of depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease among black populations amid the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Josiah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"(24)","key":"R48-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052278","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19: findings from the American Heart Association's COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry","volume":"143","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R49-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00722-y","article-title":"COVID-19 mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: revisiting and evaluating risk factors","volume":"36","author":"Elliott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R51-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area","volume":"323","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R52-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.021","article-title":"Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R53-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051936","article-title":"Association of body mass index and age with morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: results from the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry","volume":"143","author":"Hendren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R54-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22831","article-title":"High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation","volume":"28","author":"Simonnet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R55-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0576","article-title":"Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China","volume":"43","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R56-20250817","article-title":"Obesity is a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity","volume":"43","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R57-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26677","article-title":"Obesity aggravates COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R58-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30405-8","article-title":"Public Health Scotland C-HPSG and Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology G. Risks of and risk factors for COVID-19 disease in people with diabetes: a cohort study of the total population of Scotland","volume":"9","author":"McGurnaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"R59-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820003118","article-title":"The influence of pre-existing hypertension on coronavirus disease 2019 patients","volume":"149","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"(23)","key":"R60-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23464","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104148","article-title":"Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury: pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and oxygen inhalation insufficiency are not the direct causes","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R61-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2020.04.113","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without hypertension: a retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R62-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-021-00161-7","article-title":"Should all patients with hypertension be worried about developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"27","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R63-20250817","first-page":"113","article-title":"The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): China, 2020","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"China CDC Weekly"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"R64-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R65-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x","article-title":"Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China","volume":"46","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R66-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.10.019","article-title":"Myocardial injury on admission as a risk in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective in-icu study","volume":"35","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R67-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e15","article-title":"Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases on outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Daegu Metropolitan City","volume":"36","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R68-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2020.11.003","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R69-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1855","article-title":"Association of use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"(25)","key":"R70-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008975","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R71-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.12.059","article-title":"Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction with versus without coronarvirus-19","volume":"144","author":"Case","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R72-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.02.016","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification in COVID-19 patients: an imaging biomarker for adverse clinical outcomes","volume":"77","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"R73-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.01.029","article-title":"Relation of cardiovascular risk factors to mortality and cardiovascular events in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (from the Yale COVID-19 Cardiovascular Registry)","volume":"146","author":"Pareek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R74-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.17294\/2330-0698.1791","article-title":"Comprehensive echocardiographic findings in critically ill COVID-19 patients with or without prior cardiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Patient Cent Res Rev"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R75-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010102","article-title":"Cardiovascular comorbidities and pharmacological treatments of COVID-19 patients not requiring hospitalization","volume":"18","author":"Russo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R76-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.059","article-title":"Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Zuin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R77-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2052","article-title":"Impact of heart failure on the clinical course and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study","volume":"22","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"(25)","key":"R78-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2006923","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Mancia","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(16)","key":"R79-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","volume":"323","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R80-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.07.004","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification and complications in patients with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Dillinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R81-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-020-05001-2","article-title":"Myocardial involvement in coronavirus disease 19","volume":"45","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herz"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R82-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1990","article-title":"Heart failure in COVID-19 patients: prevalence, incidence and prognostic implications","volume":"22","author":"Rey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R83-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.007","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection","volume":"76","author":"Lala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R84-20250817","first-page":"304","article-title":"Hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis","volume":"130","author":"Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R85-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.10.022","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases burden in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Hessami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R86-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1998","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R87-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.652859","article-title":"Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance","volume":"115","author":"Deanfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R88-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R15","DOI":"10.1530\/VB-20-0017","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and endothelial cell interaction in COVID-19: molecular perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Giordo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"(7807)","key":"R89-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2179-y","article-title":"Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"581","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"(43)","key":"R90-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33238","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002615200","article-title":"A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase","volume":"275","author":"Tipnis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R91-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01758-w","article-title":"Cardiac damage in patients with the severe type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R92-20250817","first-page":"E1","article-title":"A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9","volume":"87","author":"Donoghue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R93-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x","article-title":"SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS","volume":"39","author":"Oudit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R94-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.040345","article-title":"Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin-(1-7)","volume":"93","author":"Alenina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R95-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2","volume":"126","author":"Gheblawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R96-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248420921720","article-title":"Evidence for use or disuse of renin-angiotensin system modulators in patients having COVID-19 with an underlying cardiorenal disorder","volume":"25","author":"Sankrityayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R97-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21083003","article-title":"COVID-19 and RAS: unravelling an unclear relationship","volume":"21","author":"D\u2019Ardes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R98-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016219","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016219","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: a viewpoint on the potential influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers on onset and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"(47)","key":"R99-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17985","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605545103","article-title":"Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney","volume":"103","author":"Crowley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R100-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn230","article-title":"Angiotensin II type-1 receptor activation in the adult heart causes blood pressure-independent hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction","volume":"81","author":"Ainscough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R101-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.031096","article-title":"Protection from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by systemic lentiviral delivery of ACE2 in rats","volume":"90","author":"Huentelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"(15)","key":"R102-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317007","article-title":"Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and impairs their prognosis","volume":"106","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R103-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01353-x","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammatory response in lungs: should we look at RAGE","volume":"69","author":"Rojas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"R104-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R105-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201000080","article-title":"Angiotensin II revisited: new roles in inflammation, immunology and aging","volume":"2","author":"Benigni","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R106-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.224","article-title":"Nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Farah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R107-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020575","article-title":"Vitamin D and endothelial function","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R108-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.12.009","article-title":"Nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Cyr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"(9311)","key":"R109-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08089-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol","volume":"359","author":"Dahlof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R110-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.001","article-title":"AT1A angiotensin receptors in the renal proximal tubule regulate blood pressure","volume":"13","author":"Gurley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R111-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016","article-title":"The ACE2\/angiotensin-(1-7)\/MAS Axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin-(1-7)","volume":"98","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R112-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15595","article-title":"ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in cardiopulmonary diseases: ramifications for the control of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"76","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R113-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.955369","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 suppresses pathological hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction","volume":"122","author":"Zhong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R114-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.064","article-title":"Roles of angiotensin peptides and recombinant human ACE2 in heart failure","volume":"69","author":"Basu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R115-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.084848","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) counterregulates angiotensin II signaling in human endothelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Sampaio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R116-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000251865.35728.2f","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) through receptor Mas mediates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation via Akt-dependent pathways","volume":"49","author":"Sampaio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R117-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000672","article-title":"Angiotensin 1-7 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy and diastolic dysfunction in db\/db mice by reducing lipotoxicity and inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Mori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R118-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311586","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: an update of mechanisms contributing to this clinical entity","volume":"122","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R119-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0943","article-title":"Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and pathophysiology","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R120-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0399","article-title":"ACE2 deficiency worsens epicardial adipose tissue inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in response to diet-induced obesity","volume":"65","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R121-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.04.007","article-title":"Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the age-dependent cardiomyopathy in ACE2 null mice","volume":"75","author":"Oudit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R122-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa078","article-title":"The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(19)","key":"R123-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa311","article-title":"Cell type-specific expression of the putative SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in human hearts","volume":"41","author":"Nicin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R124-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00426.2008","article-title":"Regulation of ACE2 in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts","volume":"295","author":"Gallagher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R125-20250817","first-page":"708","article-title":"Myocyte-specific upregulation of ACE2 in cardiovascular disease: implications for SARS-CoV-2-mediated myocarditis","volume":"142","author":"Tucker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(590)","key":"R126-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf7872","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf7872","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived cardiac cells reflects cytopathic features in hearts of patients with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Perez-Bermejo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R127-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.01.002","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects human engineered heart tissues and models COVID-19 myocarditis","volume":"6","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"(14)","key":"R128-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa267","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects and induces cytotoxic effects in human cardiomyocytes","volume":"116","author":"Bojkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(7865)","key":"R129-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03570-8","article-title":"COVID-19 tissue atlases reveal SARS-CoV-2 pathology and cellular targets","volume":"595","author":"Delorey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R130-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R132-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052824","article-title":"Lack of evidence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression and replicative infection by SARS-CoV-2 in human endothelial cells","volume":"143","author":"McCracken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R133-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0247060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247060","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression increases with age in patients requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R134-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00331.2008","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 confers endothelial protection and attenuates atherosclerosis","volume":"295","author":"Lovren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"(3\u20134)","key":"R135-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0805-1","article-title":"ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) protect endothelial cell function and prevent early atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammatory response","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R137-20250817","first-page":"e03185","article-title":"Recombinant ACE2 expression is required for SARS-CoV-2 to infect primary human endothelial cells and induce inflammatory and procoagulative responses","volume":"11","author":"Nascimento Conde","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R138-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R139-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000782","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2: a double-edged sword","volume":"34","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R140-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06059-6","article-title":"Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Leisman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R141-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30257-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in cardiac tissue of a child with COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Dolhnikoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R142-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8120626","article-title":"Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transcriptional activity in cardiomyocytes of COVID-19 patients without clinical signs of cardiac involvement","volume":"8","author":"Bulfamante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R143-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100052","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R144-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1643-8","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R145-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16980","article-title":"Altered blood pressure responses and normal cardiac phenotype in ACE2-null mice","volume":"116","author":"Gurley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R146-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259942.38108.20","article-title":"Overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla causes long-term decrease in blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"49","author":"Yamazato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R147-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114322","article-title":"Transgenic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 overexpression in vessels of SHRSP rats reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function","volume":"52","author":"Rentzsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(6891)","key":"R148-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00786","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function","volume":"417","author":"Crackower","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R149-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000000100001","article-title":"Altered heart rate and blood pressure variability in mice lacking the Mas protooncogene","volume":"33","author":"Walther","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R150-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.307708","article-title":"Role of the ACE2\/angiotensin 1-7 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure","volume":"118","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"(10223)","key":"R151-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R152-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03076","article-title":"Hyperglycemia induces neutrophil extracellular traps formation through an NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R153-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200652","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200652","article-title":"Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"217","author":"Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R154-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01236-2","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"43","author":"Fadini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R155-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1587","article-title":"Clinical perspective of hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Preston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R156-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200524408","article-title":"Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Giordano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R157-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R158-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.001","article-title":"Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: the possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management","volume":"17","author":"Siripanthong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R159-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02500-z","article-title":"SARS-Cov-2 fulminant myocarditis: an autopsy and histopathological case study","volume":"135","author":"Gauchotte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R160-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.11.006","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"52","author":"Blauwet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"(19)","key":"R161-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317322","article-title":"Early detection of elevated cardiac biomarkers to optimise risk stratification in patients with COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Stefanini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"(7798)","key":"R162-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R163-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23654","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23654","article-title":"Cardiac injury is associated with inflammation in geriatric COVID-19 patients","volume":"35","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R164-20250817","first-page":"567","article-title":"Analysis of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"issue":"(18)","key":"R165-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.069","article-title":"Characterization of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Giustino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(24)","key":"R166-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050434","article-title":"Myocardial injury in adults hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"142","author":"Smilowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R167-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01572-8","article-title":"Left and right ventricular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19-associated myocardial injury","volume":"49","author":"Bieber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"R168-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.052","article-title":"Cardiac injury is associated with mortality and critically ill pneumonia in COVID-19: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Santoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"(15)","key":"R169-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317056","article-title":"Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R170-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1828","article-title":"Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock","volume":"22","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R171-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.3551","article-title":"Association of cardiac infection with SARS-CoV-2 in confirmed COVID-19 autopsy cases","volume":"5","author":"Lindner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R172-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00790-1","article-title":"Factors associated with myocardial SARS-CoV-2 infection, myocarditis, and cardiac inflammation in patients with COVID-19","volume":"34","author":"Bearse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R173-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30243-5","article-title":"Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans","volume":"8","author":"Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"(22)","key":"R174-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13613","article-title":"T-cell immunity in myocardial inflammation: pathogenic role and therapeutic manipulation","volume":"174","author":"Stephenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R175-20250817","first-page":"e4320","article-title":"COVID-19 and the heart","volume":"51","author":"Rojulpote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colomb Med (Cali)"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R176-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14859","article-title":"D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(22)","key":"R177-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.011","article-title":"Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(24)","key":"R178-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047523","article-title":"The obstacle course of reperfusion for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"141","author":"Roffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R179-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2020.06.036","article-title":"Papillary muscle rupture due to delayed STEMI presentation in a patient self-isolating for presumed COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Kunkel","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"R181-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study","volume":"368","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R182-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-333","article-title":"Network-based analysis of comorbidities risk during an infection: SARS and HIV case studies","volume":"15","author":"Moni","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R183-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.509","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome vis-a-vis onset of fever","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R184-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01352-w","article-title":"Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"(10223)","key":"R185-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R186-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.549","article-title":"Prognostic impact of prior heart failure in patients hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Alvarez-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R187-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-017-0337-9","article-title":"Inflammation \u2013 cause or consequence of heart failure or both","volume":"14","author":"Van Linthout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R188-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.933127","article-title":"Continuous glycoprotein-130-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation promotes inflammation, left ventricular rupture, and adverse outcome in subacute myocardial infarction","volume":"122","author":"Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R189-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-014-0449-2","article-title":"Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition modulates the immune reaction and restores titin phosphorylation in experimental myocarditis","volume":"109","author":"Savvatis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R190-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118095","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta modulates the growth and phenotype of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes","volume":"96","author":"Thaik","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R191-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116834","article-title":"Cellular basis for the negative inotropic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the adult mammalian heart","volume":"92","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"R192-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0419com","article-title":"TNF-alpha signal transduction in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes: definition of pathways generating from the TNF-alpha receptor","volume":"16","author":"Condorelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R193-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2004.12.015","article-title":"IL-1beta and TNF-alpha upregulate angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors on cardiac fibroblasts and are associated with increased AT1 density in the post-MI heart","volume":"38","author":"Gurantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R194-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.08.109","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 increases cardiac fibroblast lysyl oxidase expression through TGF-\u03b2 and PI3Kinase signaling pathways","volume":"413","author":"Voloshenyuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R195-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.06.016","article-title":"COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"17","author":"Bhatla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R196-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102573","article-title":"COVID-19 gone bad: a new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Colafrancesco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R197-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000744","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R198-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05987-7","article-title":"Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 18 patients with corona virus disease 2019 in intensive care unit","volume":"46","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R199-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010133","article-title":"Predictors and prognostic implications of cardiac arrhythmias in patients hospitalized for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Zylla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R200-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009458","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009458","article-title":"Worldwide survey of COVID-19-associated arrhythmias","volume":"14","author":"Coromilas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R201-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R202-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1096","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Inciardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"R204-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e926178","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.926178","article-title":"Increased serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin are associated with severity of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R205-20250817","article-title":"Hepcidin levels predict Covid-19 severity and mortality in a cohort of hospitalized Italian patients","volume":"96","author":"Nai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"R206-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613422","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613422","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is a biomarker for the development of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Santa Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R207-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.025","article-title":"Severe arterial thrombosis associated with Covid-19 infection","volume":"192","author":"Kashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R208-20250817","first-page":"772","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019, prothrombotic factors, and venous thromboembolism","volume":"46","author":"Schulman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R209-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323586","article-title":"Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19","volume":"91","author":"Beyrouti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R210-20250817","first-page":"e124","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and ischemic stroke","volume":"51","author":"Valderrama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R211-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ytaa488","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa488","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of ischaemic arterial diseases associated with COVID-19: a series of four illustrative cases","volume":"5","author":"Guillet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R212-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(23)","key":"R213-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000","article-title":"COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation","volume":"135","author":"Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R214-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R215-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14850","article-title":"Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: a report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis","volume":"18","author":"Panigada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R216-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14854","article-title":"The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Ranucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R217-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.021","article-title":"Fibrinolysis shutdown and thrombosis in severe COVID-19","volume":"231","author":"Seheult","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"R218-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600592","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.600592","article-title":"D-dimer as a prognostic indicator in critically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R219-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06062-x","article-title":"High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R220-20250817","first-page":"785","article-title":"Thrombosis and platelets: an update","volume":"38","author":"Koupenova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R221-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007214","article-title":"Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19","volume":"136","author":"Manne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R222-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317703","article-title":"Platelets can associate with SARS-Cov-2 RNA and are hyperactivated in COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Zaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Rs"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R223-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02172-x","article-title":"Potential role for tissue factor in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability associated with in COVID-19","volume":"50","author":"Bautista-Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"(11)","key":"R224-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007252","article-title":"Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"136","author":"Hottz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R225-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3345","article-title":"Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"Engelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R226-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa756","article-title":"Association of neutrophil activation, more than platelet activation, with thrombotic complications in coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"223","author":"Petito","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R227-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.022","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis","volume":"506","author":"Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R228-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14848","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R229-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14879","article-title":"What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us?","volume":"18","author":"Thachil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R230-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14832","article-title":"Exploring possible mechanisms for COVID-19 induced thrombocytopenia: unanswered questions","volume":"18","author":"Amgalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R231-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32833b6581","article-title":"Heart disease in patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"16","author":"Pesavento","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R232-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.10.1529","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism as a cause of cardiac arrest: presentation and outcome","volume":"160","author":"K\u00fcrkciyan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R233-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi018","article-title":"A prospective study on cardiovascular events after acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"26","author":"Becattini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R234-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114114","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and cardiovascular complications: from molecular mechanisms to pharmaceutical management","volume":"178","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R235-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20947","article-title":"Delay of acute intracellular pH recovery after acidosis decreases endothelial cell activation","volume":"211","author":"Huck","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"(10)","key":"R236-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.07.022","article-title":"High thrombus burden in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"76","author":"Choudry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"(19)","key":"R237-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa254","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association","volume":"41","author":"Danzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R238-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16727","article-title":"Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action","volume":"189","author":"Kollias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R239-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14830","article-title":"Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"R240-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.041","article-title":"Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis","volume":"191","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R241-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: awareness of an increased prevalence","volume":"142","author":"Poissy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R242-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14888","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R243-20250817","first-page":"763","article-title":"COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis of literature studies","volume":"46","author":"Di Minno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"R244-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102939","article-title":"Risk of stroke in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a multinational study","volume":"59","author":"Shahjouei","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R245-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13372","article-title":"Thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a New York City Health System","volume":"324","author":"Bilaloglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R246-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1732837","article-title":"Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R247-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s41065-020-00168-4","article-title":"Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 entry are preferentially enriched in cardiomyocytes","volume":"158","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"R248-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.03.063","article-title":"The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease","volume":"309","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R249-20250817","first-page":"90","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2","volume":"181","author":"Monteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R250-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103182","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 leads to a small vessel endotheliitis in the heart","volume":"63","author":"Maccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"(10234)","key":"R251-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R252-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061862","article-title":"Endotheliitis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: its role in thrombosis and adverse outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Mosleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R253-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080392","article-title":"Redox biology of respiratory viral infections","volume":"10","author":"Khomich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"(17)","key":"R254-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319170013","article-title":"Angiotensin (1-7) and other angiotensin peptides","volume":"19","author":"Ohishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R255-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047549","article-title":"The science underlying COVID-19: implications for the cardiovascular system","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R256-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0343-0","article-title":"COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed","volume":"20","author":"Teuwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R257-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R258-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001634","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01634-2020","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction: a major player in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)","volume":"56","author":"Huertas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R259-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.82.17","article-title":"Endothelin and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"82","author":"Masaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R260-20250817","first-page":"1652","article-title":"COVID-19, renin-angiotensin system and endothelial","volume":"9","author":"Amraei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dysfunction Cells"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R261-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03062-7","article-title":"The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"24","author":"Pons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R262-20250817","article-title":"Endotheliopathy in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: evidence from a single-centre, cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Goshua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R264-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2020.03.012","article-title":"COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal","volume":"39","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R265-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R266-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30216-2","article-title":"COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation","volume":"8","author":"Jose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R267-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1303","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in the BAL of patients with ARDS. Persistent elevation over time predicts poor outcome","volume":"108","author":"Meduri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R268-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R269-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of the \u2018Cytokine Storm\u2019 in COVID-19","volume":"80","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R270-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40071","article-title":"Review: cytokine storm syndrome: looking toward the precision medicine era","volume":"69","author":"Behrens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"R271-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00930","article-title":"Developmental and functional control of natural killer cells by cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R272-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0343-9","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Shimabukuro-Vornhagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R273-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01429-6","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on pulmonary function in early convalescence phase","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"(19)","key":"R274-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa231","article-title":"Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications","volume":"41","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R275-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00798-x","article-title":"Elevated plasma IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and death in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients: inflammatory response of SARS-CoV-2 patients","volume":"11","author":"Lavillegrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"R276-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596684","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.596684","article-title":"Dynamic SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in critically ill patients with hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R277-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053119","article-title":"Nonclassical monocytes in health and disease","volume":"37","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R278-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.08.012","article-title":"Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors","volume":"33","author":"Cros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R279-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa328","article-title":"Numbers and phenotype of non-classical CD14dimCD16+ monocytes are predictors of adverse clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"117","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"R280-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000124667.34652.1a","article-title":"Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors","volume":"43","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R281-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000237862.94083.45","article-title":"Enalapril attenuates downregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the late phase of ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarcted rat","volume":"48","author":"Ocaranza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(17)","key":"R282-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(25)","key":"R283-20250817","first-page":"e102","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Mehra","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R284-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15143","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R285-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134","article-title":"Association of inpatient use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R286-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16314","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs and COVID-19 risk: a cohort study of 2 million hypertensive patients","volume":"77","author":"Semenzato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R287-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021004","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2021004","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 following the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers among patients with hypertension in Korea: a nationwide study","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"(10238)","key":"R288-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31030-8","article-title":"Use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study","volume":"395","author":"de Abajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R289-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.25864","article-title":"Effect of discontinuing vs continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on days alive and out of the hospital in patients admitted with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R290-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585866","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.585866","article-title":"Comorbidities, cardiovascular therapies, and COVID-19 mortality: a nationwide, Italian Observational Study (ItaliCO)","volume":"7","author":"Polverino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R291-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11301","article-title":"Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality","volume":"324","author":"Fosb\u2298l","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R292-20250817","first-page":"1992","article-title":"RAAS inhibitors and risk of Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Strauss","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R293-20250817","first-page":"1992","article-title":"RAAS inhibitors and risk of Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R294-20250817","first-page":"1993","article-title":"RAAS inhibitors and risk of Covid-19. Reply","volume":"383","author":"Mancia","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(20)","key":"R295-20250817","first-page":"1993","article-title":"RAAS inhibitors and risk of Covid-19. Reply","volume":"383","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(12)","key":"R296-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003432","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003432","article-title":"Dose-dependent oral glucocorticoid cardiovascular risks in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Pujades-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"(10223)","key":"R297-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30317-2","article-title":"Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury","volume":"395","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"R298-20250817","first-page":"693","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Horby","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"(13)","key":"R299-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17021","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone on days alive and ventilator-free in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19: the CoDEX randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Tomazini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R300-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06045-3","article-title":"Methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, which one is superior corticosteroid in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R301-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002808","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02808-2020","article-title":"Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse as a treatment for hospitalised severe COVID-19 patients: results from a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Edalatifard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R302-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00521-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of systematic corticosteroids among severe COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R303-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.10.054","article-title":"Impact of corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R305-20250817","first-page":"m3379","article-title":"A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19","volume":"370","author":"Rochwerg","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R306-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16198","article-title":"Mortality and pre-hospitalization use of low-dose aspirin in COVID-19 patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"(6)","key":"R307-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24544","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024544","article-title":"Effect of low-dose aspirin on mortality and viral duration of the hospitalized adults with COVID-19","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R308-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005292","article-title":"Aspirin use is associated with decreased mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"132","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R309-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.04.008","article-title":"Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R310-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01382-9","article-title":"Low high-density lipoprotein level is correlated with the severity of COVID-19 patients: an observational study","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"R311-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.07.015","article-title":"Declined serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection","volume":"510","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"(9)","key":"R312-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0239573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239573","article-title":"Lipoprotein concentrations over time in the intensive care unit COVID-19 patients: Results from the ApoCOVID study","volume":"15","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R313-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S268992","article-title":"Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk and poor prognosis in coronavirus disease-19: a retrospective case series study","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R314-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.01.016","article-title":"The atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19","volume":"50","author":"Turgay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"R315-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.08.004","article-title":"Meta-analysis of effect of statins in patients with COVID-19","volume":"134","author":"Kow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"R316-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.018","article-title":"The effects of ARBs, ACEis, and statins on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection among nursing home residents","volume":"21","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R317-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.015","article-title":"In-hospital use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of mortality among individuals with COVID-19","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R318-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12902","article-title":"Immune modulatory effects of statins","volume":"154","author":"Zeiser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R319-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw194","article-title":"Biology of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9: beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering","volume":"112","author":"Norata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"(2)","key":"R320-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08791-9","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory action of statins in cardiovascular disease: the role of inflammasome and toll-like receptor pathways","volume":"60","author":"Koushki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R321-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.02.091","article-title":"Atorvastatin attenuates myocardial remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: partly involvement of TLR-4\/MYD88 pathway","volume":"446","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"R322-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.014","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: current findings and therapeutic implications","volume":"314","author":"N\u00e4gele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R323-20250817","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and mortality among COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Kashour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"R324-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa042","article-title":"Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection","volume":"6","author":"Castiglione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"issue":"(3)","key":"R325-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.94655","article-title":"Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction","volume":"16","author":"Reiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"(1)","key":"R326-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.01.002","article-title":"Statins and cardioprotection \u2013 more than just lipid lowering","volume":"122","author":"Ludman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R327-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110452","article-title":"Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: what is their role in coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"146","author":"Barkas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"}],"container-title":["Cardiology Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/CD9.0000000000000038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T18:01:24Z","timestamp":1755453684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/CD9.0000000000000038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"references-count":319,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cd9.0000000000000038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2693-8499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2693-8499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}