{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:06:08Z","timestamp":1764842768869,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to a cytokine storm, unleashed in part by pyroptosis of virus-infected macrophages and monocytes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a key participant in this ominous complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). IL-6 antagonists have improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in some, but not all, studies. IL-6 signaling involves at least 3 distinct pathways, including classic-signaling, trans-signaling, and trans-presentation depending on the localization of IL-6 receptor and its binding partner glycoprotein gp130. IL-6 has become a therapeutic target in COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, and other inflammatory conditions. However, the efficacy of inhibition of IL-6 signaling in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, may depend in part on cell type-dependent actions of IL-6 in controlling lipid metabolism, glucose uptake, and insulin sensitivity owing to complexities that remain to be elucidated. The present review sought to summarize and discuss the current understanding of how and whether targeting IL-6 signaling ameliorates outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated clinical complications, focusing predominantly on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/cd9.0000000000000096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T17:04:24Z","timestamp":1690391064000},"page":"166-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential Roles of Interleukin-6 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection and Cardiometabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Libby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613422","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.613422","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is a biomarker for the development of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia.","volume":"12","author":"Santa Cruz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"R2-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12421","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012421","article-title":"The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019.","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01343-z","article-title":"Broncho-alveolar inflammation in COVID-19 patients: a correlation with clinical outcome.","volume":"20","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R4-20250817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.111.4.1194","article-title":"Regulation of antibody response in vitro. 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