{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:12:33Z","timestamp":1788909153766,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Benzene is recognized as leukemogenic. However, the association between it and solid cancers has been the subject of less investigation. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of urinary tract cancer, including kidney and bladder.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 41 cohort and case\u2013control studies listed in the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph on benzene exposure and the result of a literature review to identify more recent studies. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for kidney, bladder, and urinary tract cancer overall. A random-effects model was used to address heterogeneity between studies. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore effect modification.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings revealed an association between exposure to occupational benzene and kidney and unspecified urinary tract cancers (RR\u2005=\u20051.20, 95% confidence interval\u2005=\u20051.03\u20131.39), and an association of borderline statistical significance with bladder cancer (RR\u2005=\u20051.07, 95% confidence interval\u2005=\u20050.97\u20131.18). Publication bias was excluded for both kidney (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.809) and bladder cancer (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.748). Stratification analysis according to the selected study characteristics showed no difference except regarding the industry for kidney cancer (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005&lt;\u20050.000), with a stronger association in the chemical industry. An analysis by exposure level did not reveal any trend for kidney cancer, whereas there was a trend (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2005=\u20050.01) for bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study found an association between occupational benzene exposure and kidney cancer and a dose-effect association between benzene exposure and bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cej.0000000000000911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T20:35:06Z","timestamp":1725482106000},"page":"205-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Occupational benzene exposure and risk of kidney and bladder cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Monireh 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