{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1791890017561,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T07:01:27Z","timestamp":1192604487000},"page":"1464-1472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: All in the Family?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"DENISE A.","family":"CHAVIRA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELISA","family":"SHIPON-BLUM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CARLA","family":"HITCHCOCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHARON","family":"COHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MURRAY B.","family":"STEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(99)00012-2","article-title":"Is selective mutism an anxiety disorder? Rethinking its DSM-IV classification","volume":"13","author":"Anstendig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.4.721","article-title":"Social effectiveness therapy for children: three-year follow-up","volume":"73","author":"Beidel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib4","unstructured":"Bergman RL, Keller M, Wood J, Piacentini J, McCraken J (2001), Selective mutism questionnaire (SMQ): development and findings. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, October 23-28, Honolulu"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200208000-00012","article-title":"Prevalence and description of selective mutism in a school-based sample","volume":"41","author":"Bergman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199507000-00007","article-title":"Psychiatric characteristics of children with selective mutism: a pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Black","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00103-4","article-title":"Comorbidity of generalized social anxiety disorder and depression in a pediatric primary care sample","volume":"80","author":"Chavira","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib8","series-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90177-D","article-title":"Facet scale for agreeableness and conscientiousness: a revision of the NEO Personality Inventory","volume":"12","author":"Costa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Diff"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-0529-4","article-title":"Social phobia, anxiety, oppositional behavior, social skills, and self-concept in children with specific selective mutism, generalized selective mutism, and community controls","volume":"15","author":"Cunningham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00179","article-title":"A twin study of anxiety-related behaviours in pre-school children","volume":"44","author":"Eley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00016","article-title":"Systematic assessment of 50 children with selective mutism","volume":"36","author":"Dummit","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib13","series-title":"Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Vol. 2: Personality Assessment","first-page":"134","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib14","series-title":"User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinician Version (SCID-CV)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib15","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.9.1581","article-title":"Genetic and environmental sources of covariation between generalized anxiety disorder and neuroticism","volume":"161","author":"Hettema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20167","article-title":"The relationship of neuroticism and extraversion to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population","volume":"23","author":"Jylha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.3.366","article-title":"Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial","volume":"65","author":"Kendall","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12 month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the US. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.4.648","article-title":"MCMI-II personality traits and symptom traits in parents of children with selective mutism: a case-control study","volume":"110","author":"Kristensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870050041","article-title":"Selective mutism among second-graders in elementary school","volume":"7","author":"Kumpulainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950150062011","article-title":"Generalized social phobia: reliability and validity","volume":"52","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib23","series-title":"Manual for the MCMI-II","author":"Millon","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00580.x","article-title":"Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: distinct enough to be separate disorders?","volume":"112","author":"Ralevski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Czajkowski N, Neale M et al. (2006), Genetic and environmental influences on dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster C personality disorders, Psychol Med November 30, 1-9 [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009548"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1992.6.2.117","article-title":"The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R, Axis II and the million clinical multiaxial inventory: a concurrent validity study of personality disorders among anxious outpatients","volume":"6","author":"Renneberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001405","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety","volume":"9","author":"Schinka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199908000-00017","article-title":"Adolescent social anxiety as an outcome of inhibited temperament in childhood","volume":"38","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20158","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits","volume":"127","author":"Sen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib30","series-title":"Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children Using DSM-IV","author":"Silverman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200108000-00016","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of anxiety symptoms and diagnoses with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: child and parent versions","volume":"40","author":"Silverman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.018","article-title":"The corticotropin-releasing hormone gene and behavioral inhibition in children at risk for panic disorder","volume":"57","author":"Smoller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib33","series-title":"The Neurobiology of Mental Illness","first-page":"525","article-title":"Diagnostic classification of anxiety disorders: DSM-V and beyond","author":"Stein","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.90","article-title":"A direct-interview family study of generalized social phobia","volume":"155","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.8.708","article-title":"Paroxetine treatment of generalized social phobia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"280","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.020","article-title":"A polymorphism of the \u03b21-adrenergic receptor is associated with low extraversion","volume":"56","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199605000-00015","article-title":"Elective mutism: an analysis of 100 cases","volume":"35","author":"Steinhausen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00566673","article-title":"The family history of children with elective mutism: a research report","volume":"6","author":"Steinhausen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01560.x","article-title":"A long-term outcome study of selective mutism in childhood","volume":"47","author":"Steinhausen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.3.526","article-title":"Social phobia: an analysis of possible developmental factors","volume":"104","author":"Stemberger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.07.007","article-title":"Personality correlates of happiness and sadness: EPQ-R and TPQ compared","volume":"38","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Diff"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1153","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder","volume":"61","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080038006","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): II. Multisite test-retest reliability","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005928","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults","volume":"28","author":"Wittchen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000070262.24125.23","article-title":"Clinical distinctions between selective mutism and social phobia: an investigation of childhood psychopathology","volume":"42","author":"Yeganeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2000.14.4.291","article-title":"The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study: reliability of axis I and II diagnoses","volume":"14","author":"Zanarini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709620438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709620438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T12:26:55Z","timestamp":1684067215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856709620438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856709620438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e318149366a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}