{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:06:48Z","timestamp":1789826808040,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318195bcfb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,19]],"date-time":"2009-02-19T11:29:03Z","timestamp":1235042943000},"page":"283-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and Externalizing Behavior in 18-Month-Old Children: Results From a Population-Based Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Stene-Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne I.H.","family":"Borge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarete E.","family":"Vollrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.3.361","article-title":"Trends in pregnancy-related smoking rates in the United States, 1987\u20131996","volume":"283","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.08.013","article-title":"Effects of nicotine-specific antibodies, Nic311 and NicIgG, on the transfer of nicotine across the placenta","volume":"70","author":"Nekhayeva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.04.005","article-title":"Influences of maternal cigarette smoking on infant arousability","volume":"79","author":"Horne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00077-3","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant head circumference at birth","volume":"58","author":"Kallen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00216-7","article-title":"Relationships between cigarette smoking during pregnancy, gestational age, maternal weight gain, and infant birthweight","volume":"28","author":"Secker-Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.12.037","article-title":"Maternal exposure of rats to nicotine via infusion during gestation produces neurobehavioral deficits and elevated expression of glial fibrallary acidic protein in the cerebellum and CA1 subfield in the offspring at puberty","volume":"209","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.12.049","article-title":"Smoking during early pregnancy affects the expression pattern of both nicotine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human first trimester brainstem and cerebellum","volume":"132","author":"Falck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01624-X","article-title":"Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure selectively alters protein kinase c and nitric oxide synthase expression within the neonatal rat brainstem","volume":"301","author":"Hasan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.02.017","article-title":"Nicotine and epibatidine alter differently nomifensine-elevated dopamine output in the rat dorsal and ventral striatum","volume":"511","author":"Jankunen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500538965","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking as risk factors for preschool children's mental health","volume":"95","author":"H\u00f6\u00f6k","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib11","unstructured":"Brennan P. Tobacco consumption during pregnancy and its impact on psychosocial child development. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development (Online) Revised Edition. In: Trembley RE, Barr RG, Peters R, eds. 2005. Accessed April 15, 2008."},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.4.381","article-title":"The influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on toddler's negativity","volume":"154","author":"Brook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.00148.x","article-title":"Prenatal smoking exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence","volume":"96","author":"Indredavik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000246054.76167.44","article-title":"Prenatal smoking exposure, low birth weight, and disruptive behavior disorders","volume":"46","author":"Nigg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/S0890-8567(09)61916-X","article-title":"Smoking during pregnancy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive type: a case-control study","volume":"45","author":"Schmitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000198597.53572.3e","article-title":"Is prenatal smoking associated with a developmental pattern of conduct problems in young boys?","volume":"45","author":"Wakschlag","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02317.x","article-title":"Cigarette smoking during pregnancy and hyperactive-distractible preschooler's: a follow-up study","volume":"95","author":"Linnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000217","article-title":"Maternal prenatal smoking, parental antisocial behavior, and early childhood physical aggression","volume":"20","author":"Huijbregts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.e43","article-title":"Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors","volume":"114","author":"Tremblay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00909.x","article-title":"Elucidating early mechanisms of developmental psychopathology: the case of prenatal smoking and disruptive behaviour","volume":"77","author":"Wakschlag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.6.966","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and severe antisocial behavior in offspring: a review","volume":"92","author":"Wakschlag","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200202000-00004","article-title":"Impact of low birth weight on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"23","author":"Mick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib23","series-title":"Sex Differences in Antisocial Behavior: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study","author":"Moffitt","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm","volume":"288","author":"Bhutta","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib25","first-page":"313","article-title":"Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the central nervous system","volume":"47","author":"Eckard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1028","article-title":"Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence","volume":"160","author":"Linnet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01133.x","article-title":"Maternal depression and child development","volume":"35","author":"Cummings","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.5.715","article-title":"Preventing conduct problems in head start children: strengthening parenting competencies","volume":"66","author":"Webster-Stratton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.e11","article-title":"Maternal cigarette smoking and child psychiatric morbidity: a longitudinal study","volume":"102","author":"Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01133.x","article-title":"Maternal depression and child development","volume":"35","author":"Cummings","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.836","article-title":"Prenatal smoking and early childhood conduct problems: testing genetic and environmental explanations of the association","volume":"61","author":"Maughan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01566.x","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overt and covert conduct problems: a longitudinal study","volume":"47","author":"Monuteaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl170","article-title":"The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)","volume":"35","author":"Magnus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x","article-title":"The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years","volume":"79","author":"Irgens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917246","article-title":"Empirically based assessment of the behavioral\/emotional problems of 2- and 3-year-old children","volume":"15","author":"Achenbach","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib36","series-title":"Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores","author":"Lord","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib37","series-title":"Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems","author":"Lord","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480310000932","article-title":"Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36)","volume":"57","author":"Strand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nordic J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib39","series-title":"ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib41","series-title":"Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study","author":"Moffitt","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1202","article-title":"Public health methods: attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action","volume":"85","author":"Northridge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00909.x","article-title":"Elucidating early mechanisms of developmental psychopathology: the case of prenatal smoking and disruptive behaviour","volume":"77","author":"Wakschlag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.013805","article-title":"Brand differences of free-base nicotine delivery in cigarette smoke: the view of the tobacco industry documents","volume":"15","author":"Ferris Wayne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib45","first-page":"468","article-title":"Individual differences in nicotine intake per cigarette","volume":"12","author":"Patterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib46","first-page":"140","article-title":"Fluctuations of maternal smoking during pregnancy","volume":"101","author":"Pickett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-120015696","article-title":"Interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and genetic polymorphisms of human CYP2A6","volume":"34","author":"Nakajima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200106000-00007","article-title":"Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine","volume":"40","author":"Ernst","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000242244.00174.d9","article-title":"Attention problems and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in discordant and concordant monozygotic twins: evidence of environmental mediators","volume":"46","author":"Lehn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318195bcfb_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3180335b12","article-title":"A general population twin study of the CBCL\/6\u201318 DSM-oriented scales","volume":"46","author":"Spatola","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709600289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890856709600289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T14:20:47Z","timestamp":1568298047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856709600289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890856709600289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e318195bcfb","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-8567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-8567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}