{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:59:44Z","timestamp":1774249184946,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in white matter (WM) underlie the neurocognitive damages induced by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study aimed to examine using a bundle-associated fixel-based analysis (FBA) pipeline for investigating the microstructural and macrostructural alterations in the WM of the brain of HIV patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study collected 93 HIV infected patients and 45 age\/education\/handedness matched healthy controls (HCs) at the Beijing Youan Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 30, 2016.All HIV patients underwent neurocognitive evaluation and laboratory testing followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. In order to detect the bundle-wise WM abnormalities accurately, a specific WM bundle template with 56 tracts of interest was firstly generated by an automated fiber clustering method using a subset of subjects. Fixel-based analysis was used to investigate bundle-wise differences between HIV patients and HCs in three perspectives: fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and fiber density and cross-section (FDC). The between-group differences were detected by a two-sample\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test with the false discovery rate (FDR) correction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). Furthermore, the covarying relationship in FD, FC and FDC between any pair of bundles was also accessed by the constructed covariance networks, which was subsequently compared between HIV and HCs via permutation\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests. The correlations between abnormal WM metrics and the cognitive functions of HIV patients were explored via partial correlation analysis after controlling age and gender.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among FD, FC and FDC, FD was the only metric that showed significant bundle-wise alterations in HIV patients compared to HCs. Increased FD values were observed in the bilateral fronto pontine tract, corona radiata frontal, left arcuate fasciculus, left corona radiata parietal, left superior longitudinal fasciculus III, and right superficial frontal parietal (SFP) (all FDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). In bundle-wise covariance network, HIV patients displayed decreased FD and increased FC covarying patterns in comparison to HC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05) , especially between associated pathways. Finally, the FCs of several tracts exhibited a significant correlation with language and attention-related functions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrated the utility of FBA on detecting the WM alterations related to HIV infection. The bundle-wise FBA method provides a new perspective for investigating HIV-induced microstructural and macrostructural WM-related changes, which may help to understand cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients thoroughly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000002829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T12:45:06Z","timestamp":1692708306000},"page":"2178-2186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Probing bundle-wise abnormalities in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus using fixel-based analysis: new insights into neurocognitive impairments"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100069, China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100069, China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.53","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder \u2013 Pathogenesis and prospects for 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