{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1790775794824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with metastatic cancer, gut microbiome composition differs between responder and non-responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, there is little consensus on the microbiome taxa associated with response or lack of response. Additionally, recognized confounders of gut microbiome composition have generally not been taken into account. In this study, metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed on freshly frozen pre-treatment stool samples from 25 patients (12 responders and 13 non-responders) with unresectable metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We observed no significant differences in alpha-diversity and bacterial prevalence between responders and non-responders (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). In a zero-inflated multivariate analysis, correcting for important confounders such as age, BMI and use of antibiotics, 68 taxa showed differential abundance between responders and non-responders (false-discovery rate &lt; 0.05). Cox-regression analysis showed longer overall survival for carriers of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus parasanguinis<\/jats:italic> [hazard ratio (HR): 6.9] and longer progression-free survival for carriers of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides massiliensis<\/jats:italic> (HR: 3.79). In contrast, carriership of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Peptostreptococcaceae<\/jats:italic> (unclassified species) was associated with shorter overall survival (HR 0.18) and progression-free survival (HR 0.11). Finally, 17 microbial pathways differentially abundant between responder and non-responders were observed. These results underline the association between gut microbiome composition and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a cohort of patients with cutaneous melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/cmr.0000000000000656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T21:58:44Z","timestamp":1580248724000},"page":"235-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Gut microbial species and metabolic pathways associated with response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Thijs T.","family":"Wind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranko","family":"Gacesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnau","family":"Vich Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacco J.","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Jalving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinse K.","family":"Weersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geke 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