{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:23:18Z","timestamp":1784935398878,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Since vasculitic neuropathy is treatable and potentially debilitating, clinicians should develop an approach to neuropathy that increases the likelihood of uncovering existing systemic or nonsystemic vasculitis. The presence of a connective tissue disease, systemic vasculitis, asymmetric or non-length-dependent axonal polyneuropathy, or multiple axonal mononeuropathies should heighten suspicion, but vasculitic neuropathy can also present as a distal symmetric polyneuropathy with or without other organ involvement. Electrodiagnostic testing utilizing extensive nerve conductions may be helpful in identifying features suggestive of vasculitic neuropathy and in selecting an abnormal nerve and muscle for biopsy confirmation. An array of laboratory tests may lead to identification of a systemic disorder that is either characterized by or predisposes to vasculitic neuropathy. The mainstays of treatment are corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, but other drugs are used in specific conditions. With early diagnosis and careful monitoring of treatment regimens, the prognosis is usually good.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cnd.0b013e31815202b3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T22:11:37Z","timestamp":1236204697000},"page":"265-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Approach to Vasculitic Neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Lacomis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161a A","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.10","article-title":"Neurology of the vasculitides and connective tissue disease.","volume":"65","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30207-X","article-title":"Vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"10","author":"Kissel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"R3-6-20240808","first-page":"195","article-title":"Clinical significance of selective nerve fascicular degeneration on sural nerve biopsy specimen.","volume":"110","author":"Harati","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R4-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230506","article-title":"The peripheral neuropathy of necrotizing arteritis: a clinicopathological study.","volume":"23","author":"Said","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R5-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2006.00060.x","article-title":"Combined nerve and muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy. A 16-year retrospective study of 202 cases.","volume":"11","author":"Vital","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Peripheral Nervous System"},{"key":"R6-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70249-0","article-title":"An update on the classification and treatment of vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"4","author":"Schaublin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R7-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10080","article-title":"Diabetic and nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathies: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment.","volume":"25","author":"Dyck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R8-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.2113","article-title":"Microvasculitis and ischemia in diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy.","volume":"53","author":"Dyck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R9-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<414::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis.","volume":"43","author":"Watts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R10-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"R11-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199903000-00010","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"16","author":"Huynh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophys"},{"key":"R12-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.808","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"41","author":"Omdal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R13-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880161110","article-title":"Peripheral neuromuscular manifestations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).","volume":"16","author":"Hietaharju","year":"1993","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R14-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.855","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy associated with sicca complex.","volume":"48","author":"Grant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R15-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00781.x","article-title":"Vasculitic neuropathy - electrodiagnostic findings and association with malignancies.","volume":"115","author":"Zivkovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R16-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.6.1641","article-title":"A case-control and nerve biopsy study of CREST multiple mononeuropathy.","volume":"49","author":"Dyck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R17-6-20240808","first-page":"942","article-title":"Vasculitis in systemic sclerosis: association with Sjogrens syndrome and the CREST syndrome variant.","volume":"14","author":"Oddis","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheum"},{"key":"R18-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6.1446","article-title":"Painful vasculitic neuropathy in HIV-1 infection: relief of pain with prednisone therapy.","volume":"47","author":"Bradley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R19-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000044399.71601.EA","article-title":"Detection of genomic viral RNA in nerve and muscle of patients with HCV neuropathy.","volume":"60","author":"Authier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R20-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70351-0","article-title":"Paraneoplastic vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system.","volume":"15","author":"Oh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"R21-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf027","article-title":"Nerve granulomas and vasculitis in sarcoid peripheral neuropathy: a clinicopathological study of 11 patients.","volume":"125","author":"Said","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R22-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1267","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus infection with and without cryoglobulinaemia.","volume":"74","author":"Nemni","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R23-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0833-9","article-title":"Primary and secondary vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"252","author":"Said","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R24-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180213","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of necrotizing angiopathy of the peripheral nervous system.","volume":"18","author":"Kissel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R25-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.4.843","article-title":"Nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"110","author":"Dyck","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R26-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200410000-00009","article-title":"Non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"17","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"R27-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.10.018","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy and microscopic polyangiitis-associated neuropathy: a comparative study.","volume":"241","author":"Sugiura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R28-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082715.48844.3E","article-title":"Nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy: insights from a clinical cohort.","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R29-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-2-10","article-title":"P-ANCA vasculitic neuropathy with 12-year latency between onset of neuropathy and systemic symptoms.","volume":"2","author":"Greenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"R30-6-20240808","first-page":"461","article-title":"Necrotizing angiopathic neuropathy. Three-dimensional morphology of fiber degeneration related to sites of occluded vessels.","volume":"47","author":"Dyck","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R31-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0067-3","article-title":"Endothelial cells, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis.","volume":"6","author":"Cid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"R32-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000145518.91595.2f","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in systemic vasculitides.","volume":"17","author":"Pagnoux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R33-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200406000-00014","article-title":"Vasculitis of the nervous system.","volume":"17","author":"Younger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opinion Neurology"},{"key":"R34-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-5-660","article-title":"The spectrum of vasculitis: clinical, pathologic, immunologic and therapeutic considerations.","volume":"89","author":"Fauci","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R35-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.2.124","article-title":"Diagnostic value of classical and atypical antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) immunofluorescence patterns.","volume":"52","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R37-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150502","article-title":"Neuropathies in connective tissue disease.","volume":"15","author":"Olney","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R38-6-20240808","first-page":"489","article-title":"Vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"4","author":"Said","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Neurol"},{"key":"R39-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.5.1441","article-title":"Vasculitis confined to peripheral nerves.","volume":"119","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R40-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04210080026009","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis of vasculitic mononeuropathy multiplex.","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R41-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.8.1215","article-title":"Standardized neurologic evaluations of 128 patients with Wegener granulomatosis.","volume":"58","author":"de Groot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R42-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(01)00003-2","article-title":"Nerve conduction studies. Types, components, abnormalities, and value in localization.","volume":"20","author":"Wilbourn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"R43-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000137017.45065.3E","article-title":"Sensory neuropathy in vasculitis: a clinical, pathologic, and electrophysiologic study.","volume":"63","author":"Seo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R44-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130203","article-title":"Conduction block in neuropathies with necrotizing vasculitis.","volume":"13","author":"Ropert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R45-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(88)90131-1","article-title":"Conduction block without demyelination following acute nerve infarction.","volume":"84","author":"Parry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R46-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.12.1598","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy is systemic vasculitis: clinical and electrophysiologic study of 22 patients.","volume":"36","author":"Bouche","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R47-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400624","article-title":"Small fiber neuropathy and vasculitis.","volume":"40","author":"Lacomis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R48-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.3_Part_1.617","article-title":"Neuromuscular manifestations of Wegeners granulomatosis: a case report.","volume":"43","author":"Finkelman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R49-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.1.g01ja16151","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa: spectrum of angiographic findings.","volume":"21","author":"Stanson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"R50-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.5.407","article-title":"Diagnostic strategy for the assessment of rheumatoid vasculitis.","volume":"62","author":"Voskuyl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R51-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000192081.33938.2f","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: a review of neurological complications.","volume":"19","author":"Cacoub","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R52-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.5.636","article-title":"Superficial peroneal nerve\/peroneus brevis muscle biopsy in vasculitic neuropathy.","volume":"55","author":"Collins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R53-6-20240808","first-page":"440","article-title":"Nerve and muscle microvasculitis: 50 cases.","volume":"141","author":"Vincent","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R54-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.3.229","article-title":"Vasculitis - aims of therapy. An overview.","volume":"39","author":"Watts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"R55-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-006-0002-1","article-title":"Therapy for vasculitic neuropathies.","volume":"8","author":"Gorson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"R56-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2856","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cyroglobulinemia.","volume":"101","author":"Zaja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R57-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10118","article-title":"Severe exacerbation of hepatitis C-associated vasculitic neuropathy following treatment with interferon alpha: a case report and literature review.","volume":"25","author":"Boonyapisit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R58-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012073432301","article-title":"Peginterferon alpha-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"343","author":"Zeuzem","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R59-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10699","article-title":"Interferon-alpha and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related systemic vasculitis.","volume":"46","author":"Cacoub","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R60-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050259","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of malignant and non-malignant dysglobulinaemias.","volume":"245","author":"Steck","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R61-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050388","article-title":"Neurological mamifestations of chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"246","author":"Heckmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R62-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090116","article-title":"Hepatitis B-associated polyarteritis nodosa in Alaskan Eskimos: clinical and epidemiological features and long-term follow-up.","volume":"9","author":"McMahon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R63-6-20240808","first-page":"289","article-title":"Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus with short-term steroid therapy associated with antiviral agents and plasma exchanges: a prospective trial in 33 patients.","volume":"20","author":"Guillevin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheum"},{"key":"R64-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199509000-00002","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa related to Hepatitis B virus. A prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients.","volume":"74","author":"Guillevin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"R65-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403173301104","article-title":"Interferon alpha-2a therapy in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus.","volume":"330","author":"Misiani","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R66-6-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.003996","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins in peripheral neuropathy associated with vasculitis.","volume":"62","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R67-6-20240808","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Treatment of cryoglobulinemia associated peripheral neuropathy with rituximab.","volume":"33","author":"Cai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00131402-200709000-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T23:22:15Z","timestamp":1723159335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00131402-200709000-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/cnd.0b013e31815202b3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-0443","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}