{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:27:36Z","timestamp":1783006056492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To find the characteristic phenotypes of 3 different types of myasthenia gravis (MG).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The clinical and electrophysiological features among 15 cases of muscle-specific kinase antibody positive (MuSK Ab+) MG, 59 cases of double seronegative (DSN) MG, and 161 cases of acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR Ab)+ MG in the University of Alabama at Birmingham were compared.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>AChR Ab was positive in 69% of cases and MuSK Ab in 6% of cases. MuSK Ab+ MG was more common (14%) in African Americans compared with whites (4%). AChR Ab+ MG is characterized by male predominance, later onset, a fewer cases of ocular MG, and a higher association with thymoma. DSN-MG is characterized by a greater prevalence of ocular MG, milder forms of MG with less number of crisis, and fewer abnormalities in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. MuSK Ab+ MG is characterized by younger age at onset, severe and bulbar forms of MG, predominant faciobulbar neck weakness, and a poor response to edrophonium, anticholinesterase, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Long-term outcome showed no difference among 3 types of MG.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>AChR Ab+ MG and DSN-MG are similar, with the exception of less severity in the latter. MuSK Ab+ MG has distinct clinical and electrophysiological features.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/cnd.0b013e318275197c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T09:12:29Z","timestamp":1353489149000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Different Characteristic Phenotypes According to Antibody in Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shin J.","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marla B.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hatanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Hemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn C.","family":"Claussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20240808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000254620.45529.97","article-title":". 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