{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:58:13Z","timestamp":1785877093266,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/coc.0b013e3181f9456a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T01:09:17Z","timestamp":1291943357000},"page":"603-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Predictive Factors for the Development of Brain Metastasis in Advanced Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Agop Y.","family":"Bedikian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caimiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Detry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin B.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jen","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Homsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3782","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.22.3782","article-title":"Prognostic factors in metastatic melanoma: a pooled analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trials.","volume":"18","author":"Manola","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R3-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2007.04.003","article-title":"Melanoma Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontarios Program in Evidence-based Care. Single-sagent interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: a systematic review.","volume":"33","author":"Petrella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"R4-9-20210128","first-page":"68","article-title":"Efficacy of interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Ther"},{"key":"R5-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2105","article-title":"High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993.","volume":"17","author":"Atkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R6-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5748","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.5448","article-title":"Phase III trial comparing concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, Vinblastine, dacarbazine, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2b with cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine alone in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (E3695): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.","volume":"26","author":"Atkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R7-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.0253","article-title":"Chemotherapy compared with biochemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma: a meta-analysis of 18 trials involving 2621 patients.","volume":"25","author":"Ives","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R8-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/15476910802131519","article-title":"Systemic therapy for unresectable metastatic melanoma: impact of biochemotherapy on long-term survival.","volume":"5","author":"Bedikian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"R9-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8992","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.5791","article-title":"Low-dose outpatient chemobiotherapy with temozolomide, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-alfa 2b, and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.","volume":"23","author":"Weber","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R10-9-20210128","first-page":"2775","article-title":"Maintenance biotherapy for metastatic melanoma with interleukin2 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor improves survival for patients responding to induction concurrent biochemotherapy.","volume":"8","author":"ODay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R11-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cmr.0000195697.58013.b7","article-title":"Biochemotherapy with temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon- in patients with metastatic melanoma.","volume":"16","author":"Gonzalez Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R12-9-20210128","first-page":"687","article-title":"Clinical presentation, natural history and prognostic factors in advanced malignant melanoma.","volume":"149","author":"Amer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R13-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197808)42:2<660::AID-CNCR2820420237>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and central nervous system metastases: incidence, diagnosis, treatment and survival.","volume":"42","author":"Amer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R14-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880501)61:9<1926::AID-CNCR2820610934>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in malignant melanoma.","volume":"61","author":"Retsas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R15-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(78)90201-3","article-title":"The current causes of death in patients with malignant melanoma.","volume":"14","author":"Budman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"R16-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30365-6","article-title":"Demographics of brain metastasis.","volume":"7","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"R17-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.1.0011","article-title":"Demographics, prognosis, and therapy in 702 patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma.","volume":"88","author":"Sampson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R18-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00442-8","article-title":"Identification of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases: a review of 1292 patients.","volume":"43","author":"Lagerwaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R19-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.140","article-title":"Determinants of outcome in melanoma patients with cerebral metastases.","volume":"22","author":"Fife","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R20-9-20210128","first-page":"54","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in the treatment of brain metastases.","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R21-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.11.044","article-title":"Temozolomide for the treatment of brain metastases associated with metastatic melanoma: a phase II study.","volume":"22","author":"Agarwala","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R22-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.09.034","article-title":"Temozolomide plus thalidomide in patients with advanced melanoma: results of a dose-finding trial.","volume":"20","author":"Hwu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R23-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901101)66:9<1873::AID-CNCR2820660904>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Final report of the French multicenter phase II study of the nitrosourea fotemustine in 153 evaluable patients with disseminated malignant melanoma including patients with cerebral metastases.","volume":"66","author":"Jacquillat","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R24-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22605","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of melanoma brain metastases incorporating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).","volume":"109","author":"Samlowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R25-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-7-884","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of brain metastases.","volume":"12","author":"Eichler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R27-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables.","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"key":"R28-9-20210128","first-page":"193","article-title":"Prognostic factors in 1521 melanoma patients with distant metastases.","volume":"181","author":"Barth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"R29-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100027463","article-title":"Cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma.","volume":"15","author":"Mendez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R31-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02303539","article-title":"Prognostic evaluation of intracranial metastasis in malignant melanoma.","volume":"1","author":"Saha","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R32-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90393-2","article-title":"Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck.","volume":"134","author":"Shah","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R33-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.16.3622","article-title":"Prognostic factors analysis of 17600 melanoma patients. Validation of the American Joint Commission on cancer melanoma staging system.","volume":"19","author":"Balch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R36-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cmr.0000205019.23612.a1","article-title":"Alternating chemo-immunotherapy with temozolomide and low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma.","volume":"16","author":"Masucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R37-9-20210128","first-page":"253","article-title":"Hartveit F: metastatic distribution in malignant melanoma. A 30-year autopsy study.","volume":"7","author":"Akslen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invasion Metastasis"},{"key":"R38-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840601)53:11<2550::AID-CNCR2820531129>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Malignant melanoma brain metastases. Review of Roswell Park Memorial Institute experience.","volume":"53","author":"Madajcwicz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R39-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19961001)78:7<1470::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis.","volume":"78","author":"Mintz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R40-9-20210128","first-page":"3075","article-title":"A phase II pilot trial of concurrent biochemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, temozolomide, interleukin 2 and IFN-alpha 2b in patients with metastatic melanoma.","volume":"8","author":"Atkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R41-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cmr.0000183921.46031.93","article-title":"A biochemotherapy regimen with concurrent administration of cisplatin, vinblastine, temozolomide (Temodal), interferon-alfa and interleukin-2 for metastatic melanoma: a phase II study.","volume":"16","author":"Ron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R42-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0b013e3283364a37","article-title":"Complete regression of a previously untreated melanoma brain metastasis with ipilimumab.","volume":"20","author":"Schartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"R44-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908123410703","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission.","volume":"341","author":"Auperin","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R45-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.9.2700","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after multimodality treatment: long-term follow-up and investigations of late neuropsychologic effects.","volume":"17","author":"Stuschke","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R46-9-20210128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5255","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.0616","article-title":"Safety of bevacizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and brain metastases.","volume":"27","author":"Socinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000421-201112000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:23:38Z","timestamp":1785767018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000421-201112000-00009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/coc.0b013e3181f9456a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-3732"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-3732","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}