{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:09:26Z","timestamp":1793308166174,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/crd.0b013e318215c105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T15:54:59Z","timestamp":1307116499000},"page":"202-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":392,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease in US Firefighters"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Elpidoforos S.","family":"Soteriades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios J.","family":"Tsismenakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee M.","family":"Baur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos N.","family":"Kales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210203","article-title":"US Fire Department Profile Through 2000.","author":"Karter","year":"2001"},{"key":"R3-5-20210203","first-page":"453","article-title":"Fatalities among volunteer and career firefighters- United States 1994\u20132004.","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R4-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060357","article-title":"Emergency duties and deaths from heart disease among firefighters in the United States.","volume":"356","author":"Kales","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-5-20210203","article-title":"Firefighter Injuries.","author":"Karter","year":"2005"},{"key":"R6-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000235909.31632.46","article-title":"Firefighter heart presumption retirements in Massachusetts 1997\u20132004.","volume":"48","author":"Holder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R8-5-20210203","first-page":"821","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease among firefighters.","volume":"10","author":"Melius","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"R9-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.214","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in firefighters: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"13","author":"Soteriades","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"R10-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199907000-00007","article-title":"Correlates of body mass index in hazardous materials firefighters.","volume":"41","author":"Kales","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R11-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.63","article-title":"The obesity epidemic and future emergency responders.","volume":"17","author":"Tsismenakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"R12-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312023292301","article-title":"Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. Triggering of acute myocardial infarction by heavy physical exertion. Protection against triggering by regular exertion.","volume":"329","author":"Mittleman","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R13-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707427","article-title":"Cardiovascular events during World Cup soccer.","volume":"358","author":"Wilbert-Lampen","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R14-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2898","article-title":"Eating and shift work - effects on habits, metabolism and performance.","volume":"36","author":"Lowden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health Mar"},{"key":"R15-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520902821176","article-title":"Shift work and metabolic syndrome: respective impacts of job strain, physical activity, and dietary rhythms.","volume":"26","author":"Esquirol","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"R16-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(01)00200-0","article-title":"Assessment of firefighters' cardiovascular disease-related knowledge and behaviors.","volume":"101","author":"Kay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"R18-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120601021358","article-title":"Paramedic self-reported medication errors.","volume":"11","author":"Vilke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"R19-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2894","article-title":"Shift work and cardiovascular disease - pathways from circadian stress to morbidity.","volume":"36","author":"Puttonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"R20-5-20210203","first-page":"215","article-title":"Living in critical times: The impact of critical incidents on frontline ambulance personnel\u2013a qualitative perspective.","volume":"9","author":"Gallagher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health"},{"key":"R21-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2005.07.002","article-title":"Sleep and cardiovascular disease.","volume":"30","author":"Wolk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"R22-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.2.219","article-title":"Self-reported sleep quality is associated with the metabolic syndrome.","volume":"30","author":"Jennings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"R23-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801434","article-title":"Time spent watching television, sleep duration and obesity in adults living in Valencia, Spain.","volume":"24","author":"Vioque","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R24-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802419","article-title":"Effect of shift work on body mass index: results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a Southern Italian industry.","volume":"27","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"R25-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001328","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of blood pressure is transformed from a dipper to a non-dipper pattern in shift workers with hypertension.","volume":"16","author":"Kitamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"R26-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.183","article-title":"Blood pressure dipping and sleep disturbance in African-American and Caucasian men and women.","volume":"21","author":"Matthews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R27-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.03.007","article-title":"Effects of 24-h shift work in the emergency room on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values of medical residents.","volume":"19","author":"Fialho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R28-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.410","article-title":"Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease.","volume":"25","author":"Boggild","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"R29-5-20210203","first-page":"606","article-title":"Health hazards of fire fighters: exposure assessment.","volume":"45","author":"Brandt-Rauf","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"R30-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200105000-00007","article-title":"Adverse respiratory effects following overhaul in firefighters.","volume":"43","author":"Burgess","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R31-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181ed2c6e","article-title":"Ultrafine particle exposure during fire suppression\u2013is it an important contributory factor for coronary heart disease in firefighters?","volume":"52","author":"Baxter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R32-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030370","article-title":"Acute chemical emergencies.","volume":"350","author":"Kales","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R33-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s4483","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution.","volume":"109","author":"Dockery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R34-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s4487","article-title":"Identification of persons with cardiorespiratory conditions who are at risk of dying from the acute effects of ambient air particles.","volume":"109","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R35-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe078139","article-title":"Air pollution, exercise, and cardiovascular risk.","volume":"357","author":"Mittleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R36-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32833161e5","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and coronary heart disease.","volume":"24","author":"Simkhovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"R37-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.296","article-title":"Blood pressure in firefighters, police officers, and other emergency responders.","volume":"22","author":"Kales","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R38-5-20210203","first-page":"843","article-title":"Noise and hearing loss in firefighting.","volume":"10","author":"Tubbs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"R39-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110307","article-title":"The association between noise exposure and blood pressure and ischemic heart disease: a meta-analysis.","volume":"110","author":"van Kempen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R40-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/10903129808958886","article-title":"Changes in hearing acuity in ambulance personnel.","volume":"2","author":"Price","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"key":"R41-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.57.862","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of short-term noise exposure\u2013comparison of steady state and intermittent noise at several sound pressure levels.","volume":"57","author":"Sawada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"R42-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10346","article-title":"Effects of occupational noise exposure on 24-hour ambulatory vascular properties in male workers.","volume":"115","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R43-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200106000-00005","article-title":"Transient but not sustained blood pressure increments by occupational noise. An ambulatory blood pressure measurement study.","volume":"19","author":"Fogari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"R44-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00735.x","article-title":"A hard day's night: a longitudinal study on the relationships among job demands and job control, sleep quality and fatigue.","volume":"18","author":"de Lange","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"R45-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090106","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress reactions in volunteer firefighters.","volume":"9","author":"Bryant","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R46-5-20210203","first-page":"227","article-title":"Police trauma and cardiovascular disease: association between PTSD symptoms and metabolic syndrome.","volume":"8","author":"Violanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health"},{"key":"R47-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.1.79","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress among Swedish ambulance personnel.","volume":"20","author":"Jonsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"R48-5-20210203","first-page":"247","article-title":"Heart rate and ECG responses of fire fighters.","volume":"17","author":"Barnard","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R49-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130121115","article-title":"Effect of strenuous live-fire drills on cardiovascular and psychological responses of recruit firefighters.","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R50-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198303000-00016","article-title":"Heart rates in fire fighters using light and heavy breathing equipment: similar near-maximal exertion in response to multiple work load conditions.","volume":"25","author":"Manning","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R51-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199208000-00014","article-title":"Heart rate response of firefighters to actual emergencies. Implications for cardiorespiratory fitness.","volume":"34","author":"Sothmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R52-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802120259","article-title":"Metabolic demands of simulated firefighting tasks.","volume":"51","author":"Elsner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R53-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2006.01.004","article-title":"Classification of metabolic and respiratory demands in fire fighting activity with extreme workloads.","volume":"38","author":"Holmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R54-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1139\/H07-020","article-title":"Oxygen cost of the CF-DND fire fit test in males and females.","volume":"32","author":"Dreger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"R55-5-20210203","first-page":"558","article-title":"The human energy cost of fire fighting.","volume":"19","author":"Lemon","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R57-5-20210203","article-title":"NFPA Association 1582: Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments.","year":"2007"},{"key":"R59-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186441","article-title":"Selected physiological and psychological responses to live-fire drills in different configurations of firefighting gear.","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R60-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130412331303911","article-title":"Selected hormonal and immunological responses to strenuous live-fire firefighting drills.","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R61-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2006.12.001","article-title":"Strategies to combat heat strain during and after firefighting.","author":"Carter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thermal Biol"},{"key":"R62-5-20210203","first-page":"27","article-title":"Advanced Environmental Exercise Physiology.","author":"Cheung","year":"2010"},{"key":"R63-5-20210203","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Environmental and Occupational Medicine. 4th ed.","author":"Delaney","year":"2007"},{"key":"R64-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490475216","article-title":"Active versus passive cooling during work in warm environments while wearing firefighting protective clothing.","volume":"1","author":"Selkirk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"R65-5-20210203","article-title":"Firefighter Fatalities and Injuries: The Role of Heat Stress and PPE.","author":"Smith","year":"2008"},{"key":"R66-5-20210203","article-title":"Safety and Performance Implications of Hydration, Core Body Temperature and Post-Incidence Rehabilitation.","author":"Espinosa","year":"2007"},{"key":"R70-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.10.017","article-title":"Predictors of on-duty coronary events in male firefighters in the United States.","volume":"101","author":"Geibe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R71-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-2-14","article-title":"Firefighters and on-duty deaths from coronary heart disease: a case control study.","volume":"2","author":"Kales","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"R73-5-20210203","first-page":"694","article-title":"Self-reported cardiac risks and interest in risk modification among volunteer firefighters: a survey-based study.","volume":"108","author":"Scanlon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"R74-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report.","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R75-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.4.697","article-title":"Secular trends in long-term sustained hypertension, long-term treatment, and cardiovascular mortality. The Framingham Heart Study 1950 to 1990.","volume":"93","author":"Sytkowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R76-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199704000-00002","article-title":"Hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in the southeastern United States.","volume":"313","author":"Hall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R77-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.009","article-title":"Impact of excess body weight on arterial structure, function, and blood pressure in firefighters.","volume":"104","author":"Fahs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R78-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2003.02058.x","article-title":"Prospective surveillance of hypertension in firefighters.","volume":"5","author":"Soteriades","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"R79-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2394","article-title":"Why the slow diffusion of treatment guidelines into clinical practice?","volume":"167","author":"Kotchen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R80-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.35","article-title":"Hypertension control at physicians' offices in the United States.","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"R81-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.199","article-title":"Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988\u20132000.","volume":"290","author":"Hajjar","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R83-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200207000-00014","article-title":"Firefighters' blood pressure and employment status on hazardous materials teams in Massachusetts: a prospective study.","volume":"44","author":"Kales","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R84-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.5.398","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia predicts coronary heart disease risk in healthy middle-aged men: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study.","volume":"98","author":"Pyorala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R85-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1097","article-title":"Plasma insulin and all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study.","volume":"23","author":"Pyorala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R86-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700300313","article-title":"Risk factors for coronary heart disease among firefighters in Cincinnati.","volume":"30","author":"Glueck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R87-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60655-8","article-title":"Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001.","volume":"371","author":"Lawes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R88-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.2.538","article-title":"Insulin resistance syndrome predicts the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in healthy middle-aged men: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study.","volume":"20","author":"Pyorala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R89-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqm153","article-title":"Obesity and risk of job disability in male firefighters.","volume":"58","author":"Soteriades","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"R90-5-20210203","first-page":"199","article-title":"Development and validation of a fitness screening protocol for firefighter applicants.","volume":"17","author":"Gledhill","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Sport Sci"},{"key":"R91-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200210000-00013","article-title":"Association of body mass index and health status in firefighters.","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R93-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420150073007","article-title":"Sleep apnea and sleep disruption in obese patients.","volume":"154","author":"Vgontzas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R94-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.02.010","article-title":"Cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea.","volume":"31","author":"Selim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"R95-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200209000-00006","article-title":"Lipid profile of firefighters over time: opportunities for prevention.","volume":"44","author":"Soteriades","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R96-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp095","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome in firefighters.","volume":"59","author":"Donovan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"R97-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181af3a58","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in volunteer firefighters.","volume":"51","author":"Yoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R98-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.9.1140","article-title":"Ischemic heart disease mortality of firemen and policemen.","volume":"76","author":"Sardinas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R99-5-20210203","first-page":"805","article-title":"A cohort study on the mortality of firefighters.","volume":"47","author":"Hansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"R100-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700090603","article-title":"Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey.","volume":"9","author":"Feuer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R101-5-20210203","first-page":"664","article-title":"Mortality among firefighters from three northwestern United States cities.","volume":"49","author":"Demers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"R102-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700190309","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters.","volume":"19","author":"Beaumont","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R103-5-20210203","first-page":"132","article-title":"Coronary artery disease deaths in the Toronto Fire Department.","volume":"29","author":"Bates","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R104-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1040","article-title":"Cohort mortality study of Philadelphia firefighters.","volume":"39","author":"Baris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R105-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199512000-00004","article-title":"Occupational mortality among firefighters: assessing the association.","volume":"37","author":"Guidotti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R106-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe078008","article-title":"Firefighting and death from cardiovascular causes.","volume":"356","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R107-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2003.9.2.95","article-title":"Latent health effects in firefighters.","volume":"9","author":"Haas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"R108-5-20210203","first-page":"9","article-title":"US Firefighters Fatalities Due to Sudden Cardiac Death 1995\u20132005.","author":"Fahy","year":"2005"},{"key":"R109-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2002.128681","article-title":"Occupational fatalities in emergency medical services: a hidden crisis.","volume":"40","author":"Maguire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"R110-5-20210203","article-title":"Firefighter Fatality Retrospective Study.","year":"2002"},{"key":"R111-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89181-3","article-title":"Snow shoveling: a trigger for acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death.","volume":"77","author":"Franklin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R112-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1243-y","article-title":"Circadian variation in the circulatory responses to exercise: relevance to the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events.","volume":"108","author":"Atkinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"R113-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm035","article-title":"Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from 8 years of autopsies in 34,892 subjects.","volume":"28","author":"Madjid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R114-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520701535787","article-title":"Seasonality and coronary heart disease deaths in United States firefighters.","volume":"24","author":"Mbanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"R115-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.03.002","article-title":"Seasonal variation in occurrence of vascular diseases.","volume":"29","author":"Manfredini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"R116-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500398106","article-title":"Seasonal variation in onset of myocardial infarction\u2013a 7-year single-center study in Italy.","volume":"22","author":"Manfredini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"R119-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818ad117","article-title":"Physiological demands of the firefighter Candidate Physical Ability Test.","volume":"41","author":"Williams-Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"R122-5-20210203","first-page":"254","article-title":"Effects of basic training in the British Army on regular and reserve army personnel.","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R123-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.03.015","article-title":"Lifestyle factors of a five-year community-intervention program: the Hartslag Limburg intervention.","volume":"37","author":"Wendel-Vos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R124-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.11.014","article-title":"Reducing diabetes risk in American Indian women.","volume":"34","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R125-5-20210203","first-page":"271","article-title":"Fitness levels of firefighter recruits before and after a supervised exercise training program.","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"R126-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31111-X","article-title":"Physical training programs for public safety personnel.","volume":"5","author":"Moulson-Litchfield","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"R127-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.05.001","article-title":"The impact of combined health factors on cardiovascular disease mortality.","volume":"160","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"R128-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199007000-00012","article-title":"A comparison of two fitness programs to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in public safety officers.","volume":"32","author":"McMurray","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"R129-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e31819a00b2","article-title":"Achievement of heart health characteristics through participation in an intensive lifestyle change program (Coronary Artery Disease Reversal Study).","volume":"29","author":"Marshall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"R130-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.20.2225","article-title":"Short sleep duration as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypertension.","volume":"168","author":"Eguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R131-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000217362.34748.e0","article-title":"Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","volume":"47","author":"Gangwisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R132-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.8.1009","article-title":"Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study.","volume":"29","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"R133-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj280","article-title":"Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women.","volume":"164","author":"Patel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R134-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.2.205","article-title":"A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women.","volume":"163","author":"Ayas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R135-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.28.1.2","article-title":"The PHLAME firefighters' study: feasibility and findings.","volume":"28","author":"Elliot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"R136-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3180329a8d","article-title":"The PHLAME (Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Alternative Models' Effects) firefighter study: outcomes of two models of behavior change.","volume":"49","author":"Elliot","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R137-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.34.6.6","article-title":"Long-term effects of a worksite health promotion program for firefighters.","volume":"34","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"R138-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report.","volume":"106","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R139-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00005","article-title":"Rosuvastatin for primary prevention in older persons with elevated C-reactive protein and low to average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: exploratory analysis of a randomized trial.","volume":"152","author":"Glynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R140-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.142653","article-title":"Statin therapy for low-LDL, high-hsCRP patients: from JUPITER to CORONA.","volume":"56","author":"Ridker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R142-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364957","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/364957","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle measures, antiobesity agents, and bariatric surgery on serological markers of inflammation in obese patients.","volume":"2010","author":"Tziomalos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"R143-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00011","article-title":"Pharmacologic and surgical management of obesity in primary care: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.","volume":"142","author":"Snow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R144-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00008","article-title":"Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"150","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R145-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.13.1374","article-title":"Evidence for prothrombotic effects of exercise and limited protection by aspirin.","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R146-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(00)00277-2","article-title":"Increased platelet aggregability during exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Lack of inhibition by aspirin.","volume":"99","author":"Hurlen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"R147-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.10.21","article-title":"The future of aerobic exercise testing in clinical practice: is it the ultimate vital sign?","volume":"6","author":"Arena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"R148-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-6-793","article-title":"Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease.","volume":"106","author":"Mark","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R149-5-20210203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2009.08.004","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of multidetector computed tomography compared with myocardial perfusion imaging as gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography in asymptomatic firefighters with positive treadmill tests.","volume":"3","author":"Budoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"}],"container-title":["Cardiology in Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/CRD.0b013e318215c105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T23:54:15Z","timestamp":1620950055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00045415-201107000-00005"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/crd.0b013e318215c105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-5377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-5377","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}