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Overdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions may harm children's neurodevelopment and families' quality of life more than previously thought. In this commentary, we discuss recent understandings, their practical and educational applications, and some considerations of the effects of these choices on children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/dbp.0000000000000702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T13:54:11Z","timestamp":1561730051000},"page":"558-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Learning Disabilities: Primum Non Nocere"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Cainelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Socialization, University of Padova, Padua, Italy;"},{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Department, Child Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia Silvia","family":"Bisiacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy;"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.2.193","article-title":"Time trends in reported diagnoses of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders: a Danish cohort study","volume":"161","author":"Atlad\u00f3ttir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"R2-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31829425f5","article-title":"Why so many epidemics of childhood mental disorder?","volume":"34","author":"Frances","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr."},{"key":"R3-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103537","article-title":"Specific learning disorder: prevalence and gender differences","volume":"9","author":"Moll","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R4-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f3591","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3591","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association explains DSM-5","volume":"346","author":"Roehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R5-20230908","first-page":"1997","article-title":"Seminar: developmental dyslexia","volume":"379","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natl Inst Heal"},{"key":"R6-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450080084036","article-title":"Prevalence of reading disability in boys and girls: results of the Connecticut longitudinal study","volume":"264","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"R7-20230908","first-page":"0","article-title":"Special education needs and disability review","year":"2010"},{"key":"R8-20230908","year":"2018"},{"key":"R9-20230908","first-page":"4","article-title":"The condition of education: 2016","author":"Aud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inst Educ Sci."},{"key":"R10-20230908","article-title":"Gli alunni con Disturbi Specifici dell'Apprendimento (DSA) nell'a.s. 2016\/2017","year":"2018"},{"key":"R11-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2011.01495.x","article-title":"Reviewing evidence-based practice for pupils with dyslexia and literacy difficulties","volume":"36","author":"Griffiths","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Read"},{"key":"R12-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17626-1","article-title":"A different vision of dyslexia: local precedence on global perception","volume":"7","author":"Franceschini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"R13-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171999","article-title":"Dyslexia: a new synergy between","volume":"325","author":"Gabrieli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R14-20230908","first-page":"43","article-title":"Children with developmental dyslexia fail to acquire efficient reading and spelling skills despite adequate tuition and an absence of overt sensory and\/or neural deficits. 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