{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:15:19Z","timestamp":1786119319061,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/dbp.0b013e3181bd7f3e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T00:49:56Z","timestamp":1260146996000},"page":"560-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Developmental and Behavioral Disorders Grown Up: Tourette's Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Zinner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70018-1","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology.","volume":"4","author":"Singer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R2-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20065","article-title":"Children at familial risk for Tourette's disorder: child and parent diagnoses.","volume":"121","author":"McMahon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"R3-13-20210129","first-page":"184","article-title":"Disruptive behavior problems in a community sample of children with tic disorders.","volume":"99","author":"Scahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R4-13-20210129","first-page":"99","article-title":"Phenomenology and natural history of tic disorders.","volume":"99","author":"Leckman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R5-13-20210129","first-page":"24","article-title":"Considerations of natural history and pathophysiology in the psychopharamacology of Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"57","author":"Peterson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.10.4.485","article-title":"Visuospatial priming and latent inhibition in children and adults with Tourette's disorder.","volume":"10","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"R7-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1007-3","article-title":"The role of abnormal neural oscillations in the pathophysiology of co-occurring Tourette syndrome and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"16","author":"Sukhodolsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.136689","article-title":"Anti-basal ganglia antibodies and Tourette's syndrome: a voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study in an adult population.","volume":"79","author":"Martino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000239485.53780.16","article-title":"Evaluating dopamine transporter activity with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in drug-na\u00efve Tourette's adults.","volume":"27","author":"Yeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"R10-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001","article-title":"Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research.","volume":"29","author":"Albin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R11-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00581-0","article-title":"Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"55","author":"Gerard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R12-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.11.1281","article-title":"Morphologic features of the amygdala and hippocampus in children and adults with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"64","author":"Peterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.08.007","article-title":"Habit reversal versus supportive psychotherapy in Tourette's disorder: a randomized controlled trial and predictors of treatment response.","volume":"44","author":"Deckersbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R14-13-20210129","first-page":"144","article-title":"Genes and Tourette syndrome: scientific, ethical, and social implications.","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R15-13-20210129","first-page":"130","article-title":"A genome-wide scan and fine mapping in Tourette syndrome families.","volume":"99","author":"Pauls","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R16-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116502","article-title":"Sequence variants in SLITRK1 are associated with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"310","author":"Abelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R17-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21919","article-title":"Developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved expression of SLITRK1 in brain circuits implicated in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"513","author":"Stillman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"R18-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1086\/511052","article-title":"Genome scan for Tourette disorder in affected-sibling-pair and multigenerational families.","volume":"80","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Gen"},{"key":"R19-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00154-2","article-title":"Exposure with response prevention versus habit reversal in Tourette's syndrome: a controlled study.","volume":"42","author":"Verdellen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R20-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x","article-title":"Annotation: Tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat\u2014driven by misguided brain oscillations.","volume":"47","author":"Leckman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Pscyhol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R21-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01687.x","article-title":"Psychosocial stress predicts future symptom severities in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and\/or obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14","article-title":"Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades.","volume":"102","author":"Leckman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R23-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.611","article-title":"Impact of tic disorders on ADHD outcome across the life cycle: findings from a large group of adults with and without ADHD.","volume":"158","author":"Spencer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000144696.14555.c4","article-title":"Reexamining tic persistence in tic-associated impairment in Tourette's disorder: findings from a naturalistic follow-up study.","volume":"192","author":"Coffey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R25-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65","article-title":"Adulthood outcome of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity in children with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"160","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R26-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.103","article-title":"Discussing outcome in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"160","author":"Singer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R27-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.4.784","article-title":"Adult tics in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: description and risk factors.","volume":"42","author":"Goetz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R28-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000086370.10186.7C","article-title":"Objective assessments of longitudinal outcome in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"61","author":"Pappert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R29-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/hrp_8.4.192","article-title":"The course of Tourette's disorder: a literature review.","volume":"8","author":"Coffey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"R30-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x","article-title":"Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"51","author":"Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R31-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220317","article-title":"The natural history of Tourette syndrome: a follow-up study.","volume":"22","author":"Erenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R32-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases.","volume":"155","author":"Swedo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R33-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21599","article-title":"Malignant Tourette syndrome.","volume":"22","author":"Cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R34-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800600826371","article-title":"Memory and executive functions in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder.","volume":"12","author":"Lavoie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognit Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"R35-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.004","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan.","volume":"26","author":"Siedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"R36-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01561.x","article-title":"Fine-motor skill deficits in childhood predict adulthood tic severity and global psychosocial functioning in Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"47","author":"Bloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R37-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90059-X","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance in adults with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"37","author":"Bornstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R38-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580600966383","article-title":"Neurocognitive correlates of child obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome.","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R39-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318068fbcc","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress.","volume":"46","author":"Swain","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00583-4","article-title":"How to treat OCD in patients with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"55","author":"Miguel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R41-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.414","article-title":"The behavioral spectrum of tic disorders: a community-based study.","volume":"59","author":"Kurlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R42-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200005000-00009","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and tic severity in juveniles with Tourette's disorder.","volume":"39","author":"Coffey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R43-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0404.2003.00228.x","article-title":"Clinical features and associated psychopathology in a Tourette syndrome cohort.","volume":"109","author":"Eapen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R44-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.014","article-title":"Examining cortisol rhythmicity and responsivity to stress in children with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"33","author":"Corbett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"R45-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90060-4","article-title":"Enhanced stress responsivity of Tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture.","volume":"36","author":"Chappell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R46-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.07.019","article-title":"Mood disorders and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: an update on prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, clinical associations, and implications.","volume":"61","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R47-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.05.024","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of youth who manifested the CBCL-pediatric bipolar disorder phenotype during childhood and\/or adolescence.","volume":"113","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R48-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000839","article-title":"An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countries.","volume":"42","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R49-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200010000-00014","article-title":"Explosive outbursts in children with Tourette's disorder.","volume":"39","author":"Budman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R50-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00434","article-title":"The prevalence of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in children and adolescents with autism.","volume":"40","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R51-13-20210129","first-page":"89","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders: relevance to Tourette syndrome.","volume":"85","author":"Rapin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R52-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808322666","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and comorbid pervasive developmental disorders.","volume":"24","author":"Burd","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"R53-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361307070992","article-title":"Tics and Tourette syndrome in autism spectrum disorders.","volume":"11","author":"Canitano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"R54-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000251210.98749.83","article-title":"Psychopathology in a Swedish population of school children with tic disorders.","volume":"45","author":"Khalifa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R55-13-20210129","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision.","year":"2000"},{"key":"R56-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.3.283","article-title":"Personality disorder and psychopathology in Tourette's syndrome: a controlled study.","volume":"171","author":"Robertson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R57-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00879.x","article-title":"Schizotypal personality traits in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.","volume":"116","author":"Cavanna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R58-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00260-9","article-title":"Comorbidity of Tourette's syndrome and schizophrenia\u2014biological and physiological parallels.","volume":"26","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R59-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90104-X","article-title":"Genetic factors in substance abuse based on studies of Tourette syndrome and ADHD probands and relatives I. Drug abuse.","volume":"35","author":"Comings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R60-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1517\/14622416.1.3.309","article-title":"The DRD2 gene in psychiatric and neurological disorders and its phenotypes.","volume":"1","author":"Noble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"R61-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90105-8","article-title":"Genetic factors in substance abuse based on studies of Tourette syndrome and ADHD probands and relatives II. Alcohol abuse.","volume":"35","author":"Comings","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R62-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1478-b","article-title":"Alcohol withdrawal and Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"48","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R63-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(99)00087-9","article-title":"Nicotine, brain nicotinic receptors, and neuropsychiatric disorders.","volume":"31","author":"Mihailescu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"R64-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0908","article-title":"Transdermal nicotine and haloperidol in Tourette's disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.","volume":"62","author":"Silver","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R65-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(96)00199-4","article-title":"Nicotine for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"74","author":"Sanberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R66-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0417","article-title":"Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial.","volume":"64","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R67-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.4.10.1717","article-title":"Cannabinoids reduce symptoms of Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"4","author":"M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"R68-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00602-5","article-title":"Disturbed sleep in children with Tourette syndrome\u2014a polysomnographic study.","volume":"55","author":"Kostanecka-Endress","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R69-13-20210129","first-page":"245","article-title":"Sleep and Tourette syndrome.","volume":"85","author":"Rothenberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R70-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.2.192","article-title":"Decreased sleep quality and increased sleep related movements in patients with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"70","author":"Cohrs","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R71-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050190077018","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome and migraine.","volume":"41","author":"Barabas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R72-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.11.1595","article-title":"Migraine headache in patients with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"60","author":"Kwak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R73-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701279545","article-title":"Quality of life in youth with Tourette's syndrome and chronic tic disorder.","volume":"36","author":"Storch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"R74-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021963099005156","article-title":"Social and emotional adjustment in children affected with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: associations with ADHD and family functioning. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"41","author":"Carter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R75-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181a206b1","article-title":"Children with Tourette disorder: a follow-up study in adulthood.","volume":"197","author":"Altman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R76-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00147.x","article-title":"Quality of life (QOL) of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"103","author":"Elstner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R77-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504000109","article-title":"Self-concept and self-consciousness in adults with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"40","author":"Thibert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R78-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.1.9","article-title":"Size and age-sex distribution of pediatric practice.","volume":"153","author":"Bocian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R79-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1383","article-title":"Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education.","volume":"57","author":"Kurlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R80-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1081457","article-title":"Limited knowledge of Tourette syndrome causes delay in diagnosis.","volume":"39","author":"Mol Debes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"R81-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200009000-00004","article-title":"Informativeness of structured diagnostic interviews in the identification of Tourette's disorder in referred youth.","volume":"188","author":"Coffey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R82-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327890.02893.61","article-title":"The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL): development and validation.","volume":"71","author":"Cavanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R83-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00847.x","article-title":"Quality of life in chronic illness: children, parents and paediatricians have different, but stable perceptions.","volume":"97","author":"Janse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R84-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm034","article-title":"A measure of functional impairment in youth with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"32","author":"Storch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"R85-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.5.440","article-title":"Parent perceptions of symptom severity in Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"81","author":"Dooley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R86-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0671-7","article-title":"Locus of control, perceived parenting style, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R88-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2007.70.1.59","article-title":"Impact of Tourette syndrome: a preliminary investigation of the effects of disclosure on peer perceptions and social functioning.","volume":"70","author":"Marcks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"R89-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00873.x","article-title":"Premonitory sensory phenomena and suppressibility of tics in Tourette syndrome: developmental aspects in children and adolescents.","volume":"45","author":"Banaschewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"R90-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1175","article-title":"Habit reversal versus supportive psychotherapy for Tourette's disorder: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"160","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R91-13-20210129","article-title":"Managing Tourette Syndrome: A Behavioral Intervention for Children and Adolescents.","author":"Woods","year":"2008"},{"key":"R92-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210080101","article-title":"Brief review of habit reversal training for Tourette syndrome.","volume":"21","author":"Himle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"R93-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800130110023","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia following haloperidol treatment in Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"44","author":"Riddle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R94-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.050088","article-title":"Extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in a randomised trial.","volume":"193","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr"},{"key":"R95-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20680","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: patient's knowledge and concern of adverse effects.","volume":"21","author":"Kompoliti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R96-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210080401","article-title":"Treatment of children and adolescents with tics and Tourette syndrome.","volume":"21","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"R97-13-20210129","article-title":"Contemporary Assessment and Pharmacotherapy of Tourette Syndrome.","author":"Scahill","year":"2004"},{"key":"R98-13-20210129","article-title":"Guide to the Diagnosis & Treatment of Tourette Syndrome.","year":"2008"},{"key":"R99-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.135715","article-title":"Avoiding deep brain stimulation failures in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"79","author":"Okun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R101-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.9.842","article-title":"The 4-year course of tic disorders in boys with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"56","author":"Spencer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R102-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.527","article-title":"Treatment of ADHD in children with tics.","volume":"58","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R103-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819359ea","article-title":"Developmental and behavioral disorders grown up: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"30","author":"Antshel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"R104-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1792","article-title":"Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"150","author":"Biederman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R105-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.493","article-title":"Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up.","volume":"155","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R106-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01729.x","article-title":"Sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder and comorbidity.","volume":"48","author":"Kirov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R107-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JNR.0000387612.85897.9a","article-title":"Parenting stress and related factors in parents of children with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"key":"R108-13-20210129","first-page":"435","article-title":"Tourette syndrome: clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases.","volume":"37","author":"Comings","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R109-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.77.4.629","article-title":"Victimization of children with disabilities.","volume":"77","author":"Hershkowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"R110-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014006005","article-title":"Associations between childhood abuse and personality disorder symptoms in college males.","volume":"14","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"R111-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20050501-08","article-title":"Barriers to physician identification and reporting of child abuse.","volume":"34","author":"Flaherty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"R112-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022839609859","article-title":"Evaluating the social acceptability of persons with habit disorders; the effects of topography, frequency, and gender manipulation.","volume":"21","author":"Woods","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"R113-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.308","article-title":"Influence of family history on clinical expression of Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"52","author":"Lichter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R114-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1066","article-title":"Association between maternal smoking and increased symptom severity in Tourette's syndrome.","volume":"163","author":"Mathews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R115-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2121","article-title":"Thinning of sensorimotor cortices in children with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"11","author":"Sowell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"R116-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180957.98702.69","article-title":"Caudate volumes in childhood predict symptom severity in adults with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"65","author":"Bloch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R117-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/h0095462","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and employment: descriptors, predictors, and problems.","volume":"19","author":"Shady","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"R118-13-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199804000-00001","article-title":"Tourette's disorder with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: are they different?","volume":"186","author":"Coffey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181bd7f3e","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:02:28Z","timestamp":1786039348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004703-200912000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/dbp.0b013e3181bd7f3e","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-206X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-206X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}}}