{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1786119441224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/dbp.0b013e3181dae243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,27]],"date-time":"2010-04-27T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1272336148000},"page":"304-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Population Differences in Dysmorphic Features Among Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Philip A.","family":"May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Phillip","family":"Gossage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"Tabachnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luther K.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Cecanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Lyons","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Khaole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy O.","family":"Kalberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis M.","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Eugene","family":"Hoyme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20210129","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment.","year":"1996"},{"key":"R2-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5217-5","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Abuse Syndrome.","author":"Abel","year":"1998"},{"key":"R3-6-20210129","first-page":"159","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome: a summary.","volume":"25","author":"May","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"R4-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.68","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on in-school studies.","volume":"15","author":"May","year":"2009","journal-title":"Devel Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"R5-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<317::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder.","volume":"56","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"R6-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(95)00005-C","article-title":"An update on incidence of FAS: FAS is not an equal opportunity birth defect.","volume":"17","author":"Abel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"R7-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00188.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a province in Italy: prevalence and characteristics of children in a random sample of schools.","volume":"30","author":"May","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R8-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200101)63:1<3::AID-TERA1001>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Screening for fetal alcohol syndrome in primary schools: a feasibility study.","volume":"63","author":"Clarren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"R9-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199107000-00009","article-title":"A test-retest study of intelligence in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome: implications for care.","volume":"30","author":"Streissguth","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1","article-title":"Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy.","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.45.190.489","article-title":"A note on the influence of maternal inebriety on the offspring.","volume":"45","author":"Sullivan","year":"1899","journal-title":"J Ment Sci"},{"key":"R12-6-20210129","first-page":"476","article-title":"Les enfants des parents alcooliques: anomolies observees a propos de 127 cas.","volume":"21","author":"Lemoine","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ouest Med"},{"key":"R13-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.3.276","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: the origins of a moral panic.","volume":"35","author":"Armstrong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"R14-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040302","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian guidelines for diagnosis.","volume":"172","author":"Chudley","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R15-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0259","article-title":"A practical clinical approach to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: clarification of the 1996 institute of medicine criteria.","volume":"115","author":"Hoyme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R16-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.4.400","article-title":"Diagnosing the full spectrum of fetal alcohol-exposed individuals: introducing the 4-digit diagnostic code.","volume":"35","author":"Astley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"R17-6-20210129","first-page":"279","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","volume":"72","author":"Wattendorf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R18-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0577","article-title":"Comparison of the 4-digit diagnostic code and the Hoyme diagnostic guidelines for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","volume":"118","author":"Astley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R19-6-20210129","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community in the Western Cape Province.","volume":"190","author":"May","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R20-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.037093","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western cape province of South Africa: a population-based study.","volume":"95","author":"May","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R21-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.007","article-title":"The epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community.","volume":"88","author":"May","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R22-6-20210129","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and neurobehavioral development: where is the threshold?","volume":"18","author":"Jacobson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"R23-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02250.x","article-title":"Patterns of cognitive motor development in children with fetal alcohol syndrome from a community in South Africa.","volume":"25","author":"Adnams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R24-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02459.x","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure predicts continued deficits in offspring size at 14 years of age.","volume":"26","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R25-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00187.x","article-title":"Neurobehavioral characteristics of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in communities from Italy: preliminary results.","volume":"30","author":"Kodituwakku","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R26-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00775.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological characteristics of Italian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","volume":"32","author":"Aragon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R27-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00802.x","article-title":"Neuropsychological study of FASD in a sample of American Indian children: processing simple versus complex information.","volume":"32","author":"Aragon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R28-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.12.1.146","article-title":"Neuropsychological comparison of alcohol-exposed children with or without features of fetal alcohol syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Mattson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"R29-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.3.361","article-title":"Focuses and shifting attention in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.","volume":"20","author":"Mattson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"R30-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03651.x","article-title":"A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol.","volume":"22","author":"Mattson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"R31-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2000.6729","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric implications and long-term consequences of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.","volume":"5","author":"Streissguth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"R32-6-20210129","first-page":"203","article-title":"Clinical profile and prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in an isolated community in British Columbia.","volume":"137","author":"Robinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R33-6-20210129","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among American Indians: Epidemiology, Issues, and Research Review. Alcohol Use Among American Indians and Alaska Native: Multiple Perspectives on a Complex Problem. NIAA monograph 27.","author":"May","year":"2002"},{"key":"R34-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.593","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.","volume":"66","author":"Viljoen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R35-6-20210129","first-page":"71","article-title":"Establishing the occurrence of FAS\/FAE in a rural community.","volume":"18","author":"Quaid","year":"1993","journal-title":"Provider"},{"key":"R36-6-20210129","first-page":"225","article-title":"A fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance pilot project in American Indian communities in the Northern Plains.","volume":"108","author":"Duimstra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pub Health Rep"},{"key":"R37-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30011","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and other maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome among three distinct samples of women before, during, and after pregnancy: the risk is relative.","volume":"127C","author":"May","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"R38-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.1002.2001.1","article-title":"New data on the epidemiology of adult drinking and substance abuse among American Indians of the northern Sates: male and female data on the prevalence, patterns, and consequences.","volume":"10","author":"May","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res"},{"key":"R39-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00485.x","article-title":"Reliability of a timeline method: assessing normal drinkers' reports of recent drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations.","volume":"83","author":"Sobell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R40-6-20210129","first-page":"55","article-title":"Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Handbook Series 4. NIH Pub. No. 95-3745.","author":"Sobell","year":"1995"},{"key":"R41-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1990.51.68","article-title":"Five-year reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption.","volume":"51","author":"Czarnecki","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R42-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.2.294","article-title":"Enhancing the self-report of alcohol consumption in the community: two questionnaire format.","volume":"84","author":"King","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R43-6-20210129","article-title":"Epi Info Version 6: A Word Processing, Database, and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers.","author":"Dean","year":"1996"},{"key":"R44-6-20210129","article-title":"SPSS Base 11.0 for Windows User's Guide.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R45-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.6","article-title":"Characteristics of mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: a case control study.","volume":"63","author":"Viljoen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"R46-6-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00634.x","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa: a third study.","volume":"32","author":"May","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental &amp; Behavioral Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004703-201005000-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:15:35Z","timestamp":1786040135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004703-201005000-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/dbp.0b013e3181dae243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-206X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-206X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}