{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:17:14Z","timestamp":1777555034673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preservatives are indispensable agents used to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination of cosmetics, personal care products, domestic preparations, and industrial products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated patch-test data at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, from 2006 to 2011 to identify the trends in preservative contact allergies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients with suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested to 4 preservatives within the modified European standard series. Patients were also tested with 7 preservatives from our special series if clinically indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three thousand one hundred seventy-seven patients were tested to preservatives in the standard series. Sensitization frequencies were all greater than 1%: parabens (2.58%), methylchloroisothiazolinone\/methylisothiazolinone (1.75%), quaternium 15 (1.43%), and methyldibromoglutaronitrile (1.2%). There was no change in trends in sensitization frequencies from 2006 to 2011, with no increase in sensitization frequency to methylchloroisothiazolinone\/methylisothiazolinone. The sensitization frequencies for methyldibromoglutaronitrile\/phenoxyethanol and diazolidinylurea were 2.03% and 1.37%, respectively, and remained less than 1% for bronopol, imidazolidinyl urea, and 2-phenoxyethanol. A rate of 0% was seen for 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin and formaldehyde; 9.4% of positive patch-test results became positive only at day 7.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preservatives are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. This should be considered when introducing new preservatives into the market. Day 7 readings are important to detect late reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:01:15Z","timestamp":1397649675000},"page":"77-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Contact Sensitivity to Preservatives in Singapore: Frequency of Sensitization to 11 Common Preservatives 2006\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Skin Centre, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung Hian","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Skin Centre, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee Leok","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Skin Centre, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Goon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the National Skin Centre, Singapore."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0b013e3182819c51"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"306","article-title":"Follow-up of the monitored levels of preservative sensitivity in Europe","volume":"67","author":"Svedman C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Svedman C, , Andersen KE, , Bradao FM, et al. Follow-up of the monitored levels of preservative sensitivity in Europe. Overview of the years 2001\u20132008. Contact Dermatitis, 2012; 67: 306\u2013320.","journal-title":"Overview of the years 2001\u20132008. Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Contact allergy to preservatives","volume":"164","author":"Schnuch A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schnuch A, , Lessmann H, , Geier J, et al. Contact allergy to preservatives. Analysis of IVDK data 1996-2009. Br J Dermatol, 2011; 164: 1316\u20131325.","journal-title":"Analysis of IVDK data 1996-2009. Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00630.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01668.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01181.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00902.x","article-title":"Preservatives sensitivity in Israel: a 10 year overview","volume":"55","author":"Zoller L","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zoller L, , Bergman R, , Weltfriend S. Preservatives sensitivity in Israel: a 10 year overview. Contact Dermatitis, 2006; 55: 227\u2013229.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2011.01978.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01551.x","article-title":"Multicenter study of preservative sensitivity in patients with suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis in Korea","volume":"39","author":"Lee SS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee SS, , Hong DK, , Jeong NJ, et al. Multicenter study of preservative sensitivity in patients with suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis in Korea. J of Dermatol, 2012; 39: 677\u2013681.","journal-title":"J of Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01854.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Terminology of contact dermatitis","volume":"50","author":"Wilkinson DS","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wilkinson DS, , Fregert S, , Magnusson B, et al. Terminology of contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh), 1970; 50: 287\u2013292.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12148","article-title":"Recommendation to include formaldehyde 2.0% aqua in the European baseline patch test series","volume":"69","author":"Ponten A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ponten A, , Goosens A, , Bruze M. Recommendation to include formaldehyde 2.0% aqua in the European baseline patch test series. Contact Dermatitis, 2013; 69: 372\u2013374.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02157.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12064"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0000000000000031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/DER.0000000000000031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0000000000000031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:08:21Z","timestamp":1777399701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/DER.0000000000000031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/DER.0000000000000031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/der.0000000000000031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]}}}