{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:26:59Z","timestamp":1789586819767,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patch testing is an important diagnostic tool for assessment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study documents the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch-testing results from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 12 centers in North America, patients were tested in a standardized manner with a series of 70 allergens. Data were manually verified and entered into a central database. Descriptive frequencies were calculated, and trends analyzed using \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four thousand two hundred thirty-eight patients were tested; of these, 2705 patients (63.8%) had at least 1 positive reaction, and 2029 (48.0%) were ultimately determined to have a primary diagnosis of ACD. Four hundred eight patients (9.6%) had occupationally related skin disease. There were 7532 positive allergic reactions. As compared with previous reporting periods (2009\u20132010 and 2000\u20132010), positive reaction rates statistically increased for 6 allergens: methylchloroisothiazolinone\/methylisothiazolinone (5.0%; risk ratios [RRs]: 2.01 [1.60\u20132.52], 1.87 [1.61\u20132.18]), lanolin alcohol (4.6%; RRs 1.83 [1.45\u20132.30], 2.10 [1.79\u20132.47]), cinnamic aldehyde (3.9%; 1.69 [1.32\u20132.15], 1.53 [1.28\u20131.82]), glutaral (1.5%; 1.67 [1.13\u20132.48], 1.31 [1.00\u20131.71]), paraben mix (1.4%; 1.77 [1.16\u20132.69], 1.44 [1.09\u20131.92]), and fragrance mix I (12.1%; RRs 1.42 [1.25\u20131.61], 1.24 [1.14\u20131.36]). Compared with the previous decade, positivity rates for all formaldehyde-releasing preservatives significantly decreased (formaldehyde 6.6%; RR, 0.82 [0.73, 0.93]; quaternium-15 6.4% RR 0.75 [0.66, 0.85]; diazolidinyl urea 2.1%; RR, 0.67 [0.54, 0.84]; imidazolidinyl urea 1.6%, 0.60 [0.47, 0.77]; bronopol 1.6%; RR, 0.60 [0.46, 0.77]; DMDM hydantoin 1.6%; RR, 0.59 [0.54, 0.84]). Approximately a quarter of patients had at least 1 relevant allergic reaction to a non-NACDG allergen. In addition, approximately one-fourth to one-third of reactions detected by NACDG allergens would have been hypothetically missed by T.R.U.E. TEST (SmartPractice Denmark, Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data document the beginning of the epidemic of sensitivity to methylisothiazolinones in North America, which has been well documented in Europe. Patch testing with allergens beyond a standard screening tray is necessary for complete evaluation of occupational and nonoccupational ACD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:46:52Z","timestamp":1421023612000},"page":"49-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2011\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Sasseville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"DeKoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Zirwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Fransway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. G. Toby","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances J.","family":"Storrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VAMC; University of California, San Francisco; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio; McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; University of Toronto, Canada; Ohio State University, Columbus; Associates in Dermatology, Fort Myers, Fla; Group Health Associates, Cincinnati, Ohio; Dartmouth Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; St. Luke\u2019s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Specialists, Louisville, KY; Pennsylvania State University Hershey; University of Ottawa, Canada; Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620250025006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05435.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70129-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.1991.2310"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1046-199X(95)90122-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.2003.3160"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"176","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period","volume":"15","author":"Pratt MD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pratt MD, , Belsito DV, , DeLeo VA, et al. 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