{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:15:26Z","timestamp":1777554926463,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The question of whether quaternium-15 is a formaldehyde releaser is controversial. Understanding this relationship is critical because of the widespread use of quaternium-15 and the need to properly advise formaldehyde-allergic individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to look for an association between allergy to quaternium-15 and formaldehyde by correlating reactions to both and to correlate the intensity of positive patch test results to formaldehyde with reactivity to quaternium-15.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a retrospective analysis of 1905 patients who underwent patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis. Associations were analyzed by \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      testing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of all patients, 9.5% reacted to quaternium-15, 7.2% reacted to formaldehyde, and 5.4% reacted to both (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Of 137, 86 had strong (2 or 3+) and 51 had weak (1+ or +\/\u2212) formaldehyde reactions; there was no relationship between the severity of formaldehyde reactivity and responsiveness to quaternium-15 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.229). Sex analysis did not change these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is limited by its retrospective analysis and small sample size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A statistically significant relationship exists between reactivity to quaternium-15 and formaldehyde; however, the severity of the formaldehyde reaction does not predict reactivity to quaternium-15. Despite coreactivity with formaldehyde, quaternium-15 may not be a significant formaldehyde releaser. The coreactivity between quaternium-15 and formaldehyde requires further studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e31823d1785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:37Z","timestamp":1397649937000},"page":"39-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Is Quaternium-15 a Formaldehyde Releaser? Correlation between Positive Patch Test Reactions to Formaldehyde and Quaternium-15"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ashika","family":"Odhav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of quaternium-15","volume":"5","author":"Elder RL","year":"1986","unstructured":"Elder RL, ed. Final report on the safety assessment of quaternium-15. 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