{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1777554929649,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several laborers in a refinery unit undergoing a work over noted skin eruptions. Signs and symptoms included erythema, pruritus, scaling, and perifollicular inflammation on skin contacted by fire-retardant clothing (FRC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purposes of this report were to show a correlation between this rash outbreak and the use of FRC, to report the investigative results as to what aspect of the FRC most likely caused the dermatitis, and to present how this outbreak was ended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Employees received questionnaires, were examined, and received patch testing, and pH testing of FRC was performed to evaluate the causative factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 100 workers reported a rash, and approximately a third of these individuals exhibited a unique rash. There was a trend toward Hispanic and white workers being more affected than black workers. The onset of the rash peaked from June to August. This FRC-related rash resolved with the use of manufacturer-recommended laundering procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FRC-associated eruption was most likely a form of irritant contact dermatitis due to inadequate laundering procedures. The most effective preventative measure other than proper laundering was the use of underclothing to prevent contact of FRC with sweat-moistened skin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e31823d18ef","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:37Z","timestamp":1397649937000},"page":"27-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fire-Retardant Clothing\u2013Related Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Daniela C.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, University of Texas, Medical School, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, University of Texas, Medical School, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, University of Texas, Medical School, Houston, TX."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. US Department of Labor. General Requirements. Personal Protective Equipment. Standard Number: 1910.132. Washington DC: US Department of Labor; 2011. Available at: https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/pls\/oshaweb\/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9777. Accessed June7 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. US Department of Labor; Michaels D. 29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart I: Enforcement Guidance for Personal Protective Equipment in General Industry. Directive Number: CPL 02-01-050. Washington DC: US Department of Labor; 2011. Available at: http:\/\/www.osha.gov\/OshDoc\/Directive_pdf\/CPL_02-01-050.pdf. Accessed June7 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00724.x","article-title":"Identification of causative chemicals of allergic contact dermatitis using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kaniwa MA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kaniwa MA, , Kazuo L. Identification of causative chemicals of allergic contact dermatitis using a combination of patch testing in patients and chemical analysis. Contact Dermatitis, 1994; 30: 26\u201334.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Nomex Aramid Fiber Laundering Guide. DuPont; 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Avitex DN. ANTISTAT Material Safety Data Sheet. DuPont City DE: DuPont; 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"Material Safety Data Sheet","author":"Nomex Brand Fiber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nomex Brand Fiber, Material Safety Data Sheet. DuPont City, DE: DuPont; 2001."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.1099","article-title":"Irritant contact dermatitis induced by a common household irritant: a noninvasive evaluation of ethnic variability in skin response","volume":"54","author":"Astner S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Astner S, , Burnett N, , Rius-Diaz F, et al.. Irritant contact dermatitis induced by a common household irritant: a noninvasive evaluation of ethnic variability in skin response. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2006; 54 (3): 458\u2013465.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094670"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e31823d18ef","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e31823d18ef","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e31823d18ef","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:07:40Z","timestamp":1777399660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e31823d18ef"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/DER.0b013e31823d18ef"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/der.0b013e31823d18ef","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}}}