{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:15:49Z","timestamp":1777554949023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Owing to the widespread use of isocyanate-derived products across multiple industries, it is important for physicians to be aware of their sensitizing potential. We first provide a general overview of isocyanates and the industries that may be associated with exposure to these compounds. This is followed by a description of the most commonly used isocyanate products in commercial patch test preparations. Finally, we discuss appropriate isocyanate patch testing methodology and optimal isocyanate patch test concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e31824a648d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:29Z","timestamp":1397649929000},"page":"130-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Isocyanates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kurt S.","family":"Wenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Redlich CA Bello D Wisnewski AV. 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Contact Dermatitis, 2008; 58: 313\u2013314.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00404.x","article-title":"Poor correlation between stated and found concentrations of diphenylmethane-4,4\u2032-diisocyanate (4,4\u2032-MDI) in petrolatum patch-test preparations","volume":"51","author":"Frick M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frick M, , Zimerson E, , Karlsson D, et al.. Poor correlation between stated and found concentrations of diphenylmethane-4,4\u2032-diisocyanate (4,4\u2032-MDI) in petrolatum patch-test preparations. Contact Dermatitis, 2004; 51: 73\u201378.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470509.x","article-title":"Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by isocyantes","volume":"47","author":"Goosens A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goosens A, , Detienne T, , Bruze M. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by isocyantes. Contact Dermatitis, 2002; 47: 304\u2013308.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00123.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from dicyclohexylmethane-4,4\u2032-diisocyanate","volume":"43","author":"Frick M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frick M, , Bjorkner B, , Hamnerius N, et al.. Allergic contact dermatitis from dicyclohexylmethane-4,4\u2032-diisocyanate. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 43: 305\u2013309.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01375.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization to 4,4\u2032-diaminodiphenylmethane and to isocyanates among general dermatology patients","volume":"59","author":"Liippo J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liippo J, , Lammintuasta K. 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Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 56: 27\u201334.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Chemical analysis of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate in petrolatum patch-test preparations","volume":"16","author":"Frick-Engfeldt M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frick-Engfeldt M, , Zimerson E, , Karlsson D, et al.. Chemical analysis of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate in petrolatum patch-test preparations. 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