{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:16:04Z","timestamp":1777554964091,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary fingernail changes that result from chemical exposures are seldom encountered in clinical practice. A cluster investigation was conducted on employees at a pesticide packaging company. Six employees reported simultaneous onset of defects occurring in their fingernails, including nail discoloration, nail dimpling, and nail shedding. Multiple pesticides and herbicides including diquat were used in the facility at the time of the cluster onset. A literature review noted 6 articles published before 1975 documenting similar nail changes associated with paraquat, diquat, or other herbicide use. Only one such case report published after 1985 could be located. Diquat was the only material that was previously reported in the medical literature as causing nail defects and also in use at this facility. Diquat exposure is the most plausible explanation for the observed changes in these workers\u2019 fingernails.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e318262ca83","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:04:26Z","timestamp":1397649866000},"page":"176-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nail Injury and Diquat Exposure: Forgotten But Not Gone"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kibby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the *Toxicology Section, Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West County Dermatology, Inc, Chesterfield, MO."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"947","volume-title":"Clinical Dermatology","author":"Nail diseases","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nail diseases. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology. 5th ed. Mosby; 2010: 947\u2013973.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"37","key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.37.19663-en","article-title":"Onychomadesis outbreak linked to hand, foot, and mouth disease, Spain, July 2008","volume":"15","author":"Guimbao J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guimbao J, , Rodrigo P, , Alberto MJ, et al.. Onychomadesis outbreak linked to hand, foot, and mouth disease, Spain, July 2008. Euro Surveill, 2010; 15 (37): 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Nail damage in spray operators exposed to paraquat","volume":"28","author":"Hearn CED","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hearn CED, , Keir W. Nail damage in spray operators exposed to paraquat. Br J Ind Med, 1971; 28: 399\u2013403.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"issue":"5647","key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5647.818","article-title":"Nail damage associated with handling paraquat and diquat","volume":"1","author":"Samman PD","year":"1969","unstructured":"Samman PD, , Johnston ENM. Nail damage associated with handling paraquat and diquat. Br Med J, 1969; 1 (5647): 818\u2013819.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"The toxicity of diquat","volume":"27","author":"Clark DG","year":"1970","unstructured":"Clark DG, , Hurst EW. The toxicity of diquat. Br J Ind Med, 1970; 27: 51\u201355.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630090093038","article-title":"Nail damage caused by weed killers and insecticides","volume":"110","author":"Baran RL.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baran RL. Nail damage caused by weed killers and insecticides. Arch Dermatol, 1974; 110: 467.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"283","article-title":"[ Leukonychia in bands due to paraquat.] Translated from French","volume":"30","author":"Dobbelaere F","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dobbelaere F, , Bouffioux J. [ Leukonychia in bands due to paraquat.] Translated from French. Arch Belges Dermatol, 1974; 30 (4): 283\u2013284.","journal-title":"Arch Belges Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02519.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis to paraquat","volume":"13","author":"Botella R","year":"1985","unstructured":"Botella R, , Sastre A, , Catells A. Contact dermatitis to paraquat. Contact Dermatitis, 1985; 13: 123\u2013124.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"220","article-title":"A clinical survey of paraquat formulation workers","volume":"36","author":"Howard JK.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Howard JK. A clinical survey of paraquat formulation workers. Br J Ind Med, 1979; 36: 220\u2013223.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of the health of Sri Lankan tea plantation workers associated with long term exposure to paraquat","volume":"50","author":"Senanayake N","year":"1993","unstructured":"Senanayake N, , Gurunathan G, , Hart TB, et al.. An epidemiologic study of the health of Sri Lankan tea plantation workers associated with long term exposure to paraquat. Br J Ind Med, 1993; 50: 257\u2013263.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.264","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms, spirometry and chronic occupational paraquat exposure","volume":"23","author":"Castro-Gutierrez N","year":"1997","unstructured":"Castro-Gutierrez N, , McConnell R, , Andersson K, et al.. Respiratory symptoms, spirometry and chronic occupational paraquat exposure. Scan J Work Environ Health, 1997; 23: 421\u2013427.","journal-title":"Scan J Work Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318262ca83","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318262ca83","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318262ca83","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1777399671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318262ca83"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/DER.0b013e318262ca83"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/der.0b013e318262ca83","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]}}}