{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:13:35Z","timestamp":1792088015516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>European studies document that occupational contact dermatitis (CD) is common in hairdressers, but studies from North America are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of occupational CD among North American hairdressers\/cosmetologists (HD\/CS) and to characterize responsible allergens and irritants as well as their sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of patients patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group between 1994 and 2010 was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 35,842 patients, 432 (1.2%) were HD\/CS. Significantly, most of the HD\/CS were female (89.8%) and younger than 40 years (55.6%) as compared with non\u2013hairdressers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The rates for allergic and irritant CD in HD\/CS were 72.7% and 37.0%, respectively. The most common body site of involvement was the hand, and this was significantly more common than in non-HD\/CS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). The most frequent currently relevant and occupationally related allergens were glyceryl thioglycolate, p-phenylenediamine, nickel sulfate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and quaternium-15. Hair dyes, permanent wave solutions, and other hair products were common sources of allergens. The North American Contact Dermatitis Group allergen series missed at least 1 occupationally-related allergen in 26.2% of patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contact dermatitis in North American HD\/CS is common, and occupationally related allergens are those found in HD\/CS products. Supplemental hairdressing\/cosmetology antigen series are important in detecting all occupationally related allergens in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e318273a3b8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1397649907000},"page":"258-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Hairdressers\/Cosmetologists: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 1994 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Warshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the, *Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Z.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.G. Toby","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard I.","family":"Maibach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald V.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Zirwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Fransway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Fort Meyers, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"DeLeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":", Jr","given":"James G.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances J.","family":"Storrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Rietschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":", Jr","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville, Louisville, KY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Sasseville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Bureau of labor statistics. 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