{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:52:57Z","timestamp":1790247177061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Occupational allergic contact eczema and asthma caused by bleaching agents is seen in hairdressers. Bleaching agents contain persulfate salts, which are known to induce immediate reactions such as rhinitis, asthma, contact urticaria, and anaphylaxis. The immunologic mechanism is not, however, fully understood. The specific inhalation challenge test is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing occupational asthma and rhinitis. However, this test is not always accessible. Therefore, the diagnosis of occupational allergic asthma caused by persulfate salts is made by combining a clinical history, a diagnosis of asthma, and a positive skin prick test (SPT). Standardized methods for performing SPT with persulfate salts are warranted. A case of a young hairdresser with occupational asthma and hand eczema caused by persulfate salts is presented, and the procedure for performing the SPT with ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate is described in detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e318275968c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1397649907000},"page":"284-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Occupational Eczema and Asthma in a Hairdresser Caused by Hair-Bleaching Products"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Majken G.","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the, *Research Centre for Hairdressers and Beauticians, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torkil","family":"Menn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermato-Allergology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"S\u00f8sted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the, *Research Centre for Hairdressers and Beauticians, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulfate","volume":"20","author":"Pang S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pang S, , Fiume MZ. Final report on the safety assessment of ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulfate. Int J Toxicol, 2001; 20(Suppl 3): 7\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02047.x","article-title":"Anaphylaxis and severe systemic reactions caused by skin contact with persulfates in hair-bleaching products","volume":"66","author":"Hoekstra M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoekstra M, , van der Heide S, , Coenraads PJ, et al. Anaphylaxis and severe systemic reactions caused by skin contact with persulfates in hair-bleaching products. Contact Dermatitis, 2012; 66: 317\u2013322.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02288.x","article-title":"Clinical and inflammatory features of occupational asthma caused by persulphate salts in comparison with asthma associated with occupational rhinitis","volume":"65","author":"Moscato G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moscato G, , Pala G, , Perfetti L, et al. Clinical and inflammatory features of occupational asthma caused by persulphate salts in comparison with asthma associated with occupational rhinitis. Allergy, 2010; 65: 784\u2013790.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.045003177.x","article-title":"Contact urticaria due to potassium persulfate","volume":"45","author":"Estrada Rodriguez JL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Estrada Rodriguez JL, , Gozalo RF, , Cechini FC, et al. Contact urticaria due to potassium persulfate. Contact Dermatitis, 2001; 45: 177.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590240136022","article-title":"Reactions to ammonium persulfate","volume":"88","author":"Calnan CD","year":"1963","unstructured":"Calnan CD, , Shuster S. Reactions to ammonium persulfate. Arch Dermatol, 1963; 88: 812\u2013815.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381054","article-title":"Early reaction type allergies and diseases of the respiratory passages in employees from persulphate production","volume":"67","author":"Wrbitzky R","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wrbitzky R, , Drexler H, , Letzel S. Early reaction type allergies and diseases of the respiratory passages in employees from persulphate production. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 1995; 67: 413\u2013417.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.1.42","article-title":"Occupational asthma in a hairdressing salon","volume":"41","author":"Blainey AD","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blainey AD, , Ollier S, , Cundell D, et al. Occupational asthma in a hairdressing salon. Thorax, 1986; 41: 42\u201350.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63291-7","article-title":"T cell involvement in persulfate triggered occupational contact dermatitis and asthma","volume":"82","author":"Yawalkar N","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yawalkar N, , Helbling A, , Pichler CE, et al. T cell involvement in persulfate triggered occupational contact dermatitis and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 1999; 82: 401\u2013404.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00134.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.013177","article-title":"Validation of specific inhalation challenge for the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to persulphate salts","volume":"61","author":"Munoz X","year":"2004","unstructured":"Munoz X, , Cruz MJ, , Orriols R, et al. Validation of specific inhalation challenge for the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to persulphate salts. Occup Environ Med, 2004; 61: 861\u2013866.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.2124"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01644.x","article-title":"Type I ammonium persulfate allergy with no cross reactivity to potassium persulfate","volume":"61","author":"Bregnhoj A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bregnhoj A, , Sosted H. Type I ammonium persulfate allergy with no cross reactivity to potassium persulfate. Contact Dermatitis, 2009; 61: 356\u2013357.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1977.tb03703.x","article-title":"Allergic reactions to ammonium persulphate in hair bleach","volume":"3","author":"Widstrom L","year":"1977","unstructured":"Widstrom L. Allergic reactions to ammonium persulphate in hair bleach. Contact Dermatitis, 1977; 3: 343.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Persulfate hair bleach reactions","volume":"112","author":"Fisher AA","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fisher AA, , Dooms-Goossens A. Persulfate hair bleach reactions. Cutaneous and respiratory manifestations. Arch Dermatol, 1976; 112: 1407\u20131409.","journal-title":"Cutaneous and respiratory manifestations. Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02391.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1976.tb01922.x","article-title":"Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents\u2014persulphate salts and henna in hairdressers","volume":"6","author":"Pepys J","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pepys J, , Hutchcroft BJ, , Breslin AB. Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents\u2014persulphate salts and henna in hairdressers. Clin Allergy, 1976; 6: 399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Clin Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00380.x","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction to patch testing with ammonium persulfate","volume":"55","author":"Perfetti L","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perfetti L, , Galdi E, , Biale C, et al. Anaphylactoid reaction to patch testing with ammonium persulfate. Allergy, 2000; 55: 94\u201395.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"1152","article-title":"Anaphylactic reaction following hair bleaching [article in German]","volume":"56","author":"Babilas P","year":"2005","unstructured":"Babilas P, , Landthaler M, , Szeimies RM. Anaphylactic reaction following hair bleaching [article in German]. Hautarzt, 2005; 56: 1152\u20131155.","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","first-page":"413","article-title":"Urticarial reaction to ammonium persulfate","volume":"106","author":"Brubaker MM","year":"1972","unstructured":"Brubaker MM. Urticarial reaction to ammonium persulfate. Arch Dermatol, 1972; 106: 413\u2013414.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","first-page":"438","article-title":"Kontakturticaria, rhinopathie und allergishes bronchialasthma durch ammoniumpersulfat in blondiermittel","volume":"18","author":"Brauel R","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brauel R, , Brauel P, , Stresemann E. Kontakturticaria, rhinopathie und allergishes bronchialasthma durch ammoniumpersulfat in blondiermittel. Allergologie, 1995; 18: 438\u2013440.","journal-title":"Allergologie"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000216850.72452.43"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318275968c","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318275968c","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318275968c","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:07:57Z","timestamp":1777399677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318275968c"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/DER.0b013e318275968c"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/der.0b013e318275968c","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]}}}