{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:19:09Z","timestamp":1792088349226,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The isothiazolinones methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI\/MI) are the active ingredients in a frequently used preservative in cosmetic, household, and industrial products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reviewed our department\u2019s cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by MCI\/MI, outlining their clinical presentation and possible sources of sensitization. The effect of changing the concentration of MCI\/MI from 0.01% to 0.02% in the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy baseline series was also measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 964 patients were patch tested to the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy baseline series in our department over 4 years. Patients were tested either to 0.01% MCI\/MI (697) or 0.02% MCI\/MI (267).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one patients (2.2%) had positive reactions to MCI\/MI. Of patients tested to 0.02% MCI\/MI, 3.8% had a positive reaction compared with 1.6% of those tested to MCI\/MI 0.01%. Ten patients (48%) had perianal dermatitis; of these, 50% had used moist toilet wipes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We highlight MCI\/MI as important contact allergens found in moist toilet wipes and should be considered particularly in patients with facial, hand, and perianal allergic contact dermatitis. Patch testing to 0.01% MCI\/MI may underestimate its allergenic potential, missing more than half of allergic cases compared with testing to 0.02%. To identify isothiazolinone allergy, we recommend that 0.02% MCI\/MI should be used in baseline series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e3182811432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:03:02Z","timestamp":1397649782000},"page":"73-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone Allergic Contact Dermatitis and the Effect of Patch Test Concentration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Higgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"145","article-title":"The problem of preservation in the 1990s","volume":"2","author":"Fransway AF.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fransway AF. The problem of preservation in the 1990s. Agents with preservation function independent of formaldehyde release. Am J Contact Dermat, 1991; 2: 145\u2013174.","journal-title":"Agents with preservation function independent of formaldehyde release. Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01668.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2009.08097"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.2","article-title":"Changing trends and allergens in the patch test standard series: a Mayo Clinic 5-year retrospective review, January 1 2001 through December 31 2005","volume":"144","author":"Davis MD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davis MD, , Scalf LA, , Yiannis JA, et al. Changing trends and allergens in the patch test standard series: a Mayo Clinic 5-year retrospective review, January 1 2001 through December 31 2005. Arch Dermatol, 2008; 144: 1067\u20131072.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01747.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI\/MI)","volume":"24","author":"Menne T","year":"1991","unstructured":"Menne T, , Frosch PJ, , Veien NK, et al. Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI\/MI). A European multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis, 1991; 24: 334\u2013341.","journal-title":"A European multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01647.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01161.x","article-title":"\u201cDermatologically tested\u201d baby toilet tissues: a cause of allergic contact dermatitis in adults","volume":"57","author":"Timmermans A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Timmermans A, , De Herti S, , Gladys K, et al. \u201cDermatologically tested\u201d baby toilet tissues: a cause of allergic contact dermatitis in adults. Contact Dermatitis, 2007; 57: 97\u201399.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Baby-Wipe Dermatitis: Preservative-Induced Hand Eczema in Parents and Persons Using Moist Towelettes","volume":"12","author":"Guin J","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guin J, , Kincannon J, , Church F. Baby-Wipe Dermatitis: Preservative-Induced Hand Eczema in Parents and Persons Using Moist Towelettes. Am J Contact Dermat, 2001; 12: 189\u2013192.","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02373.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.0206d.x","article-title":"Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in children","volume":"49","author":"Tosti A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tosti A, , Voudouris S, , Pazzaglia M. Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in children. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 49: 215\u2013216.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.00919.x","article-title":"Moist toilet papers as possible sensitizers: review of the literature and evaluation of commercial products in Italy","volume":"55","author":"Zoli V","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zoli V, , Tosti A, , Silvani S, et al. Moist toilet papers as possible sensitizers: review of the literature and evaluation of commercial products in Italy. Contact Dermatitis, 2006; 55: 252\u2013254.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.114","article-title":"The hazards of moist toilet paper","volume":"146","author":"Gardner K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gardner K, , Davis M, , Richardson D, et al. The hazards of moist toilet paper. Arch Dermatol, 2010; 146: 886\u2013889.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01797.x","article-title":"Isothiazolinones (MCI\/MI): 200 ppm versus 100 ppm in the standard series","volume":"25","author":"Farm G","year":"1991","unstructured":"Farm G, , Walberg J. Isothiazolinones (MCI\/MI): 200 ppm versus 100 ppm in the standard series. Contact Dermatitis, 1991; 25: 104\u2013107.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01509.x","article-title":"Identifying the optimal patch test concentration for methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone","volume":"60","author":"Davies E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davies E, , Orton D. Identifying the optimal patch test concentration for methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone. 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COLIPA N\u2218 P 94."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01754.x","article-title":"Methylisothiazolinone, an emerging allergen in cosmetics?","volume":"63","author":"Gar\u0107\u0131a-Gav\u0131n J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gar\u0107\u0131a-Gav\u0131n J, , Vansina S, , Kerre S, et al. Methylisothiazolinone, an emerging allergen in cosmetics?. Contact Dermatitis, 2010; 63: 96\u2013101.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01774.x","article-title":"Prevalence and cause of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy","volume":"63","author":"Lundov M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lundov M, , Thyssen J, , Zachariae C, et al. Prevalence and cause of methylisothiazolinone contact allergy. 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