{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:16:35Z","timestamp":1777554995058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fentichlor elicits high rates of positive photopatch test reactions despite its currently unknown clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive review of fentichlor, to investigate the characteristics of patients with photosensitivity to fentichlor, and to explore the current uses of fentichlor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of photopatch test studies involving fentichlor was performed. A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients with positive photopatch test reactions to fentichlor at our institution. Product inquiries were placed to manufacturers of fentichlor to elicit the current uses of fentichlor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In selected photopatch test studies, positive reactions to fentichlor occurred in 0.0% to 11.8% of subjects. We found that 25 companies distribute or manufacture fentichlor worldwide, which includes 2 companies that sell 25-kg drums of fentichlor. The most common current uses of fentichlor are in research, in high throughput screening, and in antibacterial and antifungal creams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our review of selected photopatch test studies demonstrates that fentichlor remains a potent photosensitizing allergen worldwide. The bulk quantities of fentichlor available for sale and the current uses of fentichlor suggest that fentichlor may be currently incorporated into consumer products. We recommend that fentichlor remain in the standard series of photopatch test allergens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0b013e318284da45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T12:03:02Z","timestamp":1397649782000},"page":"77-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fentichlor Photocontact Dermatitis: A Persistent Enigma"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jay E.","family":"Wolverton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Photomedicine and the Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sections, Skin and Cancer Unit, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Soter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Photomedicine and the Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sections, Skin and Cancer Unit, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Photomedicine and the Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Sections, Skin and Cancer Unit, The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361826","article-title":"Zur chemotherapie der pilzinfektionen","volume":"190","author":"Richter R","year":"1950","unstructured":"Richter R. Zur chemotherapie der pilzinfektionen. Arch Dermatol Res, 1950; 190: 563\u2013578.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Zur fungistatischen Wirksamkeit einiger Diphenyldisulfid-Abk\u00f6mmlinge","volume":"48","author":"Jung HD","year":"1954","unstructured":"Jung HD. Zur fungistatischen Wirksamkeit einiger Diphenyldisulfid-Abk\u00f6mmlinge. Z Arztl Fortbild, 1954; 48: 191\u2013198.","journal-title":"Z Arztl Fortbild"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100058965","article-title":"An antiseptic and fungicide for external otitis: bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl) sulphide","volume":"76","author":"Stride RD","year":"1962","unstructured":"Stride RD. An antiseptic and fungicide for external otitis: bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl) sulphide. J Laryngol Otol, 1962; 76: 22\u201327.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"Studies on the mode of action of the phenolic antibacterial agent fentichlor against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","volume":"34","author":"Hugo WB","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hugo WB, , Bloomfield SF. Studies on the mode of action of the phenolic antibacterial agent fentichlor against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 3. The effect of fentichlor on the metabolic activities of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Appl Bacteriol, 1971; 34: 579\u2013591.","journal-title":"3. The effect of fentichlor on the metabolic activities of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim HW H\u00f6nigsmann H Hawk JLM. Photodermatology. New York: Informa Healthcare;. 2007.","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420019964"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01600330045007","article-title":"Photoallergies to fenticlor and Multifungin","volume":"95","author":"Burry JN","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burry JN. Photoallergies to fenticlor and Multifungin. Arch Dermatol, 1967; 95: 287\u2013291.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1968.01610110005001","article-title":"Cross sensitivity between fenticlor and bithionol","volume":"97","author":"Burry JN","year":"1968","unstructured":"Burry JN. Cross sensitivity between fenticlor and bithionol. Arch Dermatol, 1968; 97: 497\u2013502.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591577606900536"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12530306","article-title":"Skin responses to ultraviolet radiation in contact photodermatitis due to Fentichlor","volume":"72","author":"Ramsay CA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ramsay CA. Skin responses to ultraviolet radiation in contact photodermatitis due to Fentichlor. J Invest Dermatol, 1979; 72: 99\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02854.x","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis from fentichlor","volume":"18","author":"Norris PG","year":"1988","unstructured":"Norris PG, , Hawk JLM, , White IR. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from fentichlor. Contact Dermatitis, 1988; 18: 318\u2013319.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"983","article-title":"Contact fentichlor photoallergy from soap for handwashing","volume":"119","author":"Jeanmougin M","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jeanmougin M, , Manciet JR, , Dubertret L. Contact fentichlor photoallergy from soap for handwashing. Ann Dermatol Venereol, 1992; 119: 983\u2013985.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(84)90074-7","article-title":"Photochemical reactions of fentichlor with soluble proteins","volume":"52","author":"Rickwood DM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rickwood DM, , Barratt MD. Photochemical reactions of fentichlor with soluble proteins. Chem Biol Interact, 1984; 52: 213\u2013222.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"445","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents\u2014XII","volume":"46","author":"Li ASW","year":"1987","unstructured":"Li ASW, , Chignell CF. Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents\u2014XII. Spin trapping study of the free radicals generated during the photolysis of photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor. Photochem Photobiol, 1987; 46: 445\u2013452.","journal-title":"Spin trapping study of the free radicals generated during the photolysis of photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor. Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents\u2014XIII","volume":"49","author":"Li ASW","year":"1989","unstructured":"Li ASW, , Chignell CF. Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents\u2014XIII. pH dependence of the photochemistry of the photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor: an electron spin resonance study of the free radical photoproducts. Photochem Photobiol, 1989; 49: 25\u201332.","journal-title":"pH dependence of the photochemistry of the photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor: an electron spin resonance study of the free radical photoproducts. Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90129-9","article-title":"Radicals involved in photoallergen\/protein interactions","volume":"7","author":"Delahanty JN","year":"1989","unstructured":"Delahanty JN, , Evans JC, , Rowlands CC, et al. Radicals involved in photoallergen\/protein interactions. Free Radic Biol Med, 1989; 7: 231\u2013236.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(82)90041-2","article-title":"Comparison of the photodynamic action of Rose Bengal and tetrachlorosalicylanilide on isolated porcine erythrocyte membranes","volume":"38","author":"Barratt MD","year":"1982","unstructured":"Barratt MD, , Evans JC, , Lewis CA, et al. Comparison of the photodynamic action of Rose Bengal and tetrachlorosalicylanilide on isolated porcine erythrocyte membranes. Chem Biol Interact, 1982; 38: 215\u2013230.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(91)90031-R","article-title":"A three-year photopatch study in Thailand","volume":"2","author":"Gritiyarangsan P","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gritiyarangsan P. A three-year photopatch study in Thailand. J Dermatol Sci, 1991; 2: 371\u2013375.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70102-4","article-title":"Photopatch testing: a six-year experience","volume":"18","author":"Menz J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Menz J, , Muller SA, , Connolly SM. Photopatch testing: a six-year experience. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1988; 18: 1044\u20131047.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6620.2008.08049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70175-2","article-title":"Photopatch testing: the 5-year experience of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group","volume":"25","author":"H\u00f6lzle E","year":"1991","unstructured":"H\u00f6lzle E, , Neumann N, , Hausen B, et al. Photopatch testing: the 5-year experience of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1991; 25: 59\u201368.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90124-5","article-title":"Photopatch testing: the 12-year experience of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group","volume":"42","author":"Neumann NJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neumann NJ, , H\u00f6lzle E, , Plewig G, et al. Photopatch testing: the 12-year experience of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2000; 42: 183\u2013192.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.084","article-title":"A 20-year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis","volume":"62","author":"Victor FC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Victor FC, , Cohen DE, , Soter NA. A 20-year analysis of previous and emerging allergens that elicit photoallergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2010; 62: 605\u2013610.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Photoaggravated contact allergy and contact photoallergy caused by ketoprofen: 19 cases","volume":"128","author":"Durieu C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Durieu C, , Marguery MC, , Giordano-Labadie F, et al. Photoaggravated contact allergy and contact photoallergy caused by ketoprofen: 19 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol, 2001; 128: 1020\u20131024.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Photocontact dermatitis due to ketoprofen and photosensitization to tetrachlorosalicylanide and to fenticlor","volume":"129","author":"Vigan M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vigan M, , Girardin P, , Desprez P, et al. Photocontact dermatitis due to ketoprofen and photosensitization to tetrachlorosalicylanide and to fenticlor. Ann Dermatol Venereol, 2002; 129: 1125\u20131127.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2003.00066.x","article-title":"Spectrum of cross-photosensitization in 18 consecutive patients with contact photoallergy to ketoprofen: associated photoallergies to non-benzophenone-containing molecules","volume":"48","author":"Durbize E","year":"2003","unstructured":"Durbize E, , Vigan M, , Puzenat E, et al. Spectrum of cross-photosensitization in 18 consecutive patients with contact photoallergy to ketoprofen: associated photoallergies to non-benzophenone-containing molecules. Contact Dermatitis, 2003; 48: 144\u2013149.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00778.x","article-title":"Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in southern Sweden","volume":"54","author":"Hinds\u00e9n M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hinds\u00e9n M, , Zimerson E, , Bruze M. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in southern Sweden. Contact Dermatitis, 2006; 54: 150\u2013157.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208786369696","article-title":"Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen: evaluation of cross-reactivities by a combination of photopatch testing and computerized conformational analysis","volume":"14","author":"Foti C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foti C, , Bonamonte D, , Conserva A, et al. Allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen: evaluation of cross-reactivities by a combination of photopatch testing and computerized conformational analysis. Curr Pharm Des, 2008; 14: 2833\u20132839.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","first-page":"96","article-title":"Results and assessment of photopatch testing in Spain: towards a new standard set of photoallergens","volume":"98","author":"de la Cuadra-Oyanguren J","year":"2007","unstructured":"de la Cuadra-Oyanguren J, , Perez-Ferriols A, , Lecha-Carrelero M, et al. Results and assessment of photopatch testing in Spain: towards a new standard set of photoallergens. Actas Dermosifiliogr, 2007; 98: 96\u2013101.","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2003.00008.x","article-title":"The photopatch test procedure of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group","volume":"19","author":"Neumann NJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neumann NJ, , Lehmann P. The photopatch test procedure of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Photopatch Test Group. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2003; 19: 8\u201310.","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10857.x","article-title":"A European multicentre photopatch test study","volume":"166","author":"European Multicentre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS) Taskforce","year":"2012","unstructured":"European Multicentre Photopatch Test Study (EMCPPTS) Taskforce. A European multicentre photopatch test study. Br J Dermatol, 2012; 166: 1002\u20131009.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"371","article-title":"Workshop report: photopatch testing\u2014methods and indications","volume":"136","author":"Ibbotson SH","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ibbotson SH, , Farr PM, , Beck MH, et al. Workshop report: photopatch testing\u2014methods and indications. British Photodermatology Group. Br J Dermatol, 1997; 136: 371\u2013376.","journal-title":"British Photodermatology Group. Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study 1980\u20131985: final report","volume":"5","author":"Thune P","year":"1988","unstructured":"Thune P, , Jans\u00e9n C, , Wennersten G, et al. The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study 1980\u20131985: final report. Photodermatol, 1988; 5: 261\u2013269.","journal-title":"Photodermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680210091015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04578.x","article-title":"Results of photopatch testing in Rotterdam during a 10-year period","volume":"146","author":"Bakkum RS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bakkum RS, , Heule F. Results of photopatch testing in Rotterdam during a 10-year period. Br J Dermatol, 2002; 146: 275\u2013279.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(05)79275-9","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study on standard photopatch tests by the French Society of Photodermatology from 1991\u20132001","volume":"132","author":"Leonard F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leonard F, , Adamski H, , Bonnevalle A, et al. Prospective multicenter study on standard photopatch tests by the French Society of Photodermatology from 1991\u20132001. Ann Dermatol Venereol, 2005; 132: 313\u2013320.","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01550.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01374.x","article-title":"Photopatch tests: an Italian multicentre study from 2004 to 2006","volume":"59","author":"Pigatto PD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pigatto PD, , Guzzi G, , Schena D, et al. Photopatch tests: an Italian multicentre study from 2004 to 2006. Contact Dermatitis, 2008; 59: 103\u2013108.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"}],"container-title":["Dermatitis\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318284da45","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318284da45","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318284da45","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:08:02Z","timestamp":1777399682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1097\/DER.0b013e318284da45"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/DER.0b013e318284da45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/der.0b013e318284da45","relation":{},"ISSN":["1710-3568","2162-5220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1710-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-5220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]}}}