{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:06:12Z","timestamp":1768565172341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Surg","DS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n The formation of hypertrophic scaring (HSc) is an abnormal wound-healing response. In a previous study, an animal model with human scar tissue implanted into nude mice (BALB\/c) has been successfully established. The effects of verapamil as well as combination therapy with verapamil and kenacort have been studied and compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To treat persistent hypertrophic scars, local injection of drugs composed of steroids, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and interferon might be a good method. What is the best dose of the regimen and what are the mechanisms are also a worthwhile study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Scar specimens were harvested from patients with HSc or Keloid resulting from burn injury, and then implanted to BALB\/c-nu nude mice for 4 weeks. Before implantation, the specimen was either injected with or without drugs such as steroids (kenacort), CCBs (verapamil), and interferons (INF\u03b12b), respectively. After the removal of implants, quantitative gene expressions of decorin and collagenase (MMP13) were measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect their mRNAs. Two way-ANOVA and Post Hoc were used for statistical analysis using the software SPSS 15.0.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n All drug-treated groups increased the expressions of decorin and MMP13 in comparison with those in noninjected group (p<\/jats:italic> < .001) in a dose-dependent manner. Comparing equal amounts of individual drugs, gene expression of decorin was increased with increasing injection amount, and the best result in low amount of injection (0.02 mL of each) was shown in the group injected with INF\u03b12b followed by kenacort and verapamil. However, the results were changed while injection amount was up to 0.04 mL and the strongest decorin gene expression was found in kenacort injection. Regarding MMP-13 expression, low-amount injection (0.02 mL) of INF\u03b12b has strongest gene expression followed by kenacort and verapamil, but in the large-amount regimes (0.04 mL), verapamil had strongest gene expression followed by INF\u03b12b and kenacort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n This study showed that the kenacort, verapamil, and INF\u03b12b all inhibited HSc in a dose-dependent manner through the evidence of gene expression of decorin and MMP13. In comparison with the injections between small amounts of drugs, INF\u03b12b potentiated the strongest decorin and MMP13 expression. On the contrary, among the large-amount injection regimes, kenacrot was more effective on decorin expression as verapamil to MMP13 expression. To decrease side effects from the drugs and produce promising results for the clinical practice, it is suggested to maintain the dose of INF\u03b12b along with an increased dose of verapamil for HSc improvement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/dss.0000000000000990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T11:06:42Z","timestamp":1482664002000},"page":"S37-S46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Comparison of Gene Expression of Decorin and MMP13 in Hypertrophic Scars Treated With Calcium Channel Blocker, Steroid, and Interferon: A Human-Scar-Carrying Animal Model Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Shih-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Yung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chang","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiow-Shuh","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00219.x","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathology of HTS: basis for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Armour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00220.x","article-title":"Consequences of excessive scar formation: dealing with the problem and aiming for the future","volume":"15","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"R3-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01759.x","article-title":"The effect of combined steroid and calcium channel blocker injection on human hypertrophic scars in animal model: a new strategy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R4-20230814","article-title":"Comparison of combination therapy (steroid, calcium channel blocker, and interferon) with steroid monotherapy for treating human hypertrophic scars in an animal model","volume":"74","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"R5-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870100053011","article-title":"Intralesional interferon gamma treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"116","author":"Larrabee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R6-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.08.004","article-title":"Pentoxifylline inhibits mature burn scar fibroblasts in culture","volume":"32","author":"Rawlins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"R7-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199910000-00031","article-title":"On the nature of hypertrophic scarsand keloids: a review","volume":"104","author":"Niessen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R8-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420250119015","article-title":"The response of burn scars to intralesional verapamil. 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