{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:50:39Z","timestamp":1792212639793,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0b013e3181c17da8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T03:31:00Z","timestamp":1260329460000},"page":"70-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Intelligence in Early Adulthood and Subsequent Hospitalization for Mental Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Catharine R.","family":"Gale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G David","family":"Batty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Tynelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Deary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finn","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxn007","article-title":"Population-based cohort studies on premorbid cognitive function in schizophrenia.","volume":"30","author":"Maccabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"R2-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.11.1238","article-title":"Intelligence and other predisposing factors in exposure to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a follow-up study at age 17 years.","volume":"63","author":"Breslau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.12.1410","article-title":"Cognitive ability in early adulthood and risk of five specific psychiatric disorders in mid life: the Vietnam Experience Study.","volume":"65","author":"Gale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R4-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009019","article-title":"Early childhood factors associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder: results from a longitudinal birth cohort.","volume":"37","author":"Koenen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R5-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.361","article-title":"Pretrauma cognitive ability and risk for posttraumatic stress disorder: a twin study.","volume":"64","author":"Kremen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.4.354","article-title":"A longitudinal study of premorbid IQ Score and risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and other nonaffective psychoses.","volume":"61","author":"Zammit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08030343","article-title":"Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: a test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis.","volume":"166","author":"Koenen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym063","article-title":"Childhood cognitive performance and risk of generalized anxiety disorder.","volume":"36","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R9-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj084","article-title":"Childhood social environment and risk of drug and alcohol abuse in a cohort of Danish men born in 1953.","volume":"163","author":"Osler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R10-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.5.407","article-title":"IQ and mental disorder in young men.","volume":"187","author":"Mortensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(01)00098-8","article-title":"Childhood mental ability and lifetime psychiatric contact\u2013a 66-year follow-up study of the 1932 Scottish Mental Ability Survey.","volume":"30","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"R12-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.4.306","article-title":"Deconstructing current comorbidity: data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being.","volume":"181","author":"Andrews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799001841","article-title":"Current and residual functional disability associated with psychopathology: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS).","volume":"30","author":"Bijl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R14-12-20210207","first-page":"179","article-title":"Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology.","author":"Kessler","year":"1995"},{"key":"R15-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey.","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R16-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38310.473565.8F","article-title":"Low intelligence test scores in 18 year old men and risk of suicide: cohort study.","volume":"330","author":"Gunnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R17-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl473","article-title":"IQ in early adulthood and later cancer risk: cohort study of one million Swedish men.","volume":"18","author":"Batty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"R19-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006549","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity is related to parental age: a national cohort study.","volume":"36","author":"Ekeus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R20-12-20210207","article-title":"Statistics With Confidence.","author":"Gardner","year":"1989"},{"key":"R21-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.323","article-title":"Lower precombat intelligence is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"66","author":"Macklin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R22-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2008.09.002","article-title":"Intelligence in childhood and risk of psychological distress in adulthood: the 1958 National Child Development Survey and the 1970 British Cohort Study.","volume":"37","author":"Gale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"R23-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.027","article-title":"Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort.","volume":"64","author":"Hatch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"R24-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.10.1904","article-title":"Premorbid intellectual functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: results from a cohort study of male conscripts.","volume":"162","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R25-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01472.x","article-title":"Show me the child at seven II: Childhood intelligence and later outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.","volume":"46","author":"Fergusson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R26-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.109488","article-title":"Childhood mental ability in relation to alcohol drinking problems and consumption in adulthood: the 1970 British Cohort Study.","volume":"98","author":"Batty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R27-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn028","article-title":"Impairments in cognition across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders: evidence from a Swedish conscript cohort.","volume":"34","author":"David","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R28-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.2.180","article-title":"Childhood IQ in relation to later psychiatric disorder: evidence from a Danish birth cohort study.","volume":"187","author":"Batty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R29-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh001","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and major mental disorders.","volume":"26","author":"Muntaner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"R30-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.5.857","article-title":"A population-based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disorders.","volume":"163","author":"Hettema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R31-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170400412X","article-title":"The co-morbidity of anxiety and depression in the perspective of genetic epidemiology. A review of twin and family studies.","volume":"35","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R32-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.3.257","article-title":"The genetic epidemiology of irrational fears and phobias in men.","volume":"58","author":"Kendler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R33-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.929","article-title":"The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women.","volume":"60","author":"Kendler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R34-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31816a719e","article-title":"Locus of control at age 10 years and health outcomes and behaviors at age 30 years: The 1970 British Cohort Study.","volume":"70","author":"Gale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R35-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4503_14","article-title":"Locus of control and its relationship to anxiety and depression.","volume":"45","author":"Molinari","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"R36-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.12.2276","article-title":"Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms from pretraumatic risk factors: a 2-year prospective follow-up study in firefighters.","volume":"162","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R37-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0040-8","article-title":"Personality correlates of outpatient mental health service utilization: findings from the U. S. national comorbidity survey.","volume":"41","author":"McWilliams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R38-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.2307\/1131901","article-title":"The structure and coherence of competence from childhood through adolescence.","volume":"66","author":"Masten","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"R39-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01405.x","article-title":"Adolescent resiliency to family adversity.","volume":"37","author":"Fergusson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003511X","article-title":"Schizophrenic subjects with no history of admission to hospital.","volume":"25","author":"Geddes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R41-12-20210207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2009.01.001","article-title":"Intelligence and persisting with medication for two years: prospective analysis of a randomized controlled trial of aspirin for asymptomatic atherosclerosis.","volume":"37","author":"Deary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intelligence"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c17da8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:05:13Z","timestamp":1786039513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00001648-201001000-00012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ede.0b013e3181c17da8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-3983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-3983","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}}}