{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:35:32Z","timestamp":1777534532700,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Road traffic noise affects a large number of people in urbanized areas. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental noise exposure may not only be associated with cardiovascular but also with cardio-metabolic outcomes. This prospective cohort study investigated the effect of outdoor and indoor residential road traffic noise on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We used data from 3,396 participants of age 45\u201375 years of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study being non-diabetic at baseline (2000\u20132003). T2DM was defined via blood glucose level, incident intake of an anti-diabetic drug during follow-up or self-reported physician diagnosis at follow-up examination (2005\u20132008). Weighted 24-h (L<jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>) and night-time (L<jats:sub>night<\/jats:sub>) mean road traffic noise was assessed according to the European Union directive 2002\/49\/EC. Road traffic noise exposure indoors was modeled taking into account the participants\u2019 room orientation, ventilation behavior and window insulation (n = 2,697). We applied Poisson regression analyses to estimate relative risks (RRs) of incident T2DM, adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and air pollution exposure (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 10-dB(A) increase in outdoor road traffic noise (L<jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>) was associated with an RR of 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.96\u20131.24) for T2DM in the fully adjusted model. Models including PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> or NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> yielded RRs of 1.09 (0.96\u20131.24) and 1.11 (0.97\u20131.27), respectively. In analyses with road traffic noise (L<jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>) exposure indoors, we observed similar RRs with smaller confidence intervals (1.11 [1.01\u20131.21]).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our analyses suggest that long-term exposure to indoor and outdoor road traffic noise may increase the risk of developing T2DM, independent of air pollution exposure.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ee9.0000000000000037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1550124343000},"page":"e037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Indoor and outdoor road traffic noise and incident diabetes mellitus: Results from a longitudinal German cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Ohlwein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Hennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Matthiessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noreen","family":"Pundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Moebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Urban Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20230908","article-title":"Managing exposure to noise in Europe.","year":"2018","journal-title":"EEA BRIEFING 2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3-20230908","first-page":"pii","article-title":"WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects: A Summary.","volume":"15","author":"Kempen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.008","article-title":"Long-term exposure to residential railway 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