{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:13:42Z","timestamp":1785438822521,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to summarize epidemiologic evidence regarding long-term effects of prenatal and infant particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 \u00b5m (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) exposure on wheezing and asthma.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Epidemiologic data investigating the associations between ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposures during prenatal or the first 2 years of life and wheezing or asthma throughout life were extracted from five databases. All included studies were assessed according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. We performed meta-analyses if \u22652 studies estimated the effects of continuous PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Nine of 18 eligible studies were suitable for meta-analyses. For prenatal PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and asthma by 10 years of age (n = 4), the overall risk estimate per 10-unit increase (95% confidence interval) was 1.12 (1.00, 1.26). Although meta-analysis of prenatal exposure and wheezing by 4 years of age (n = 5) was not possible due to inconsistent exposure and outcome assessments, four studies found strong positive associations with wheeze by 2 years of age. The overall risk of developing asthma (n = 5) and wheezing (n = 3) by 8 years of age for infant PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure was 1.14 (0.96, 1.35) and 1.49 (0.99, 2.26), respectively. One large high-quality study reporting risk differences not suitable for meta-analysis demonstrated significant associations between prenatal or infant PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and childhood asthma. High heterogeneity was present among studies of prenatal exposures and asthma, whereas studies of other associations showed low heterogeneity. There was insufficient evidence about susceptible subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The limited and inconsistent evidence is suggestive of an association between early life PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure and wheezing\/asthma. Large standardized studies are needed to explore the associations and identify vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ee9.0000000000000042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T23:59:44Z","timestamp":1551225584000},"page":"e042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Long-term impacts of prenatal and infant exposure to fine particulate matter on wheezing and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"},{"name":"Behaviour, Environment and Cognition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme R.","family":"Zosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fay H.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015.","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1270-7","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma in Erie County, New York 2007-2012.","volume":"91","author":"Castner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"R3-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12561","article-title":"The influence of childhood traffic-related air pollution exposure on asthma, allergy and sensitization: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of birth cohort studies.","volume":"70","author":"Bowatte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R4-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.07045","article-title":"Particulate matter and childhood allergic diseases.","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"R5-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5321-x","article-title":"The impact of PM2.5 on asthma emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"23","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"R6-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.012","article-title":"Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of development of childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"100","author":"Khreis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"R7-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1159\/000092868","article-title":"Structural aspects of postnatal lung development: alveolar formation and growth.","volume":"89","author":"Burri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"R8-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3483","article-title":"Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children\u2019s health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary.","volume":"108","author":"Dietert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R9-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.08.038","article-title":"The impact of prenatal exposure to air pollution on childhood wheezing and asthma: a systematic review.","volume":"159","author":"Hehua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"R10-20230908","first-page":"479","article-title":"Development of asthmatic inflammation in mice following early-life exposure to ambient environmental particulates and chronic allergen challenge.","volume":"6","author":"Herbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"R11-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-29","article-title":"Maternal exposure to combustion generated PM inhibits pulmonary Th1 maturation and concomitantly enhances postnatal asthma development in offspring.","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"R12-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.017","article-title":"Prenatal fine particulate exposure and early childhood asthma: effect of maternal stress and fetal sex.","volume":"141","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R13-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00746-2015","article-title":"Perinatal air pollution exposure and development of asthma from birth to age 10 years.","volume":"47","author":"Sbihi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R15-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement.","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R18-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7136.989","article-title":"When can odds ratios mislead?","volume":"316","author":"Davies","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R19-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-011-0144-5","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and the incidence of asthma: meta-analysis of cohort studies.","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"R20-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900916","article-title":"Effect of early life exposure to air pollution on development of childhood asthma.","volume":"118","author":"Clark","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R21-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.023","article-title":"Effects of prenatal community violence and ambient air pollution on childhood wheeze in an urban population.","volume":"133","author":"Chiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R22-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0658OC","article-title":"Prenatal particulate air pollution and asthma onset in Urban children. Identifying sensitive windows and sex differences.","volume":"192","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R23-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0264OC","article-title":"Early-life air pollution and asthma risk in minority children. The GALA II and SAGE II studies.","volume":"188","author":"Nishimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R24-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000754","article-title":"Exposure to mobile source air pollution in early-life and childhood asthma incidence: the Kaiser Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma Study.","volume":"29","author":"Pennington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R25-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.055152","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in a high-risk birth cohort.","volume":"68","author":"Carlsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R26-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000114289","article-title":"Modulating effects of maternal fish consumption on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in early infancy attributed to prenatal exposure to fine particles.","volume":"52","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"R27-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1504\/IJENVH.2008.020925","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to fine particles and postnatal indoor air quality on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in the first two years of life.","volume":"2","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health"},{"issue":"4 pt 2","key":"R28-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01034.x","article-title":"Intrauterine exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fine particulate matter and early wheeze. Prospective birth cohort study in 4-year olds.","volume":"21","author":"Jedrychowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R29-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.01182001","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health during the first 2 yrs of life.","volume":"19","author":"Gehring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R30-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.028241","article-title":"Respiratory health and individual estimated exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in a cohort of young children.","volume":"64","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R31-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200108-007OC","article-title":"Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children.","volume":"166","author":"Brauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R33-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.06.016","article-title":"Prenatal particulate matter exposure and wheeze in Mexican children: effect modification by prenatal psychosocial stress.","volume":"119","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"R34-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00426-9","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution and development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis throughout childhood and adolescence: a population-based birth cohort study.","volume":"3","author":"Gehring","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"R35-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307459","article-title":"GSTP1 and TNF Gene variants and associations between air pollution and incident childhood asthma: the traffic, asthma and genetics (TAG) study.","volume":"122","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R36-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2014.04.130276","article-title":"Asthma in preschool children: a review of the diagnostic challenges.","volume":"27","author":"Cave","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"R37-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.048","article-title":"Predicting asthma outcomes.","volume":"136","author":"Sears","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R38-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.10.022","article-title":"Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st century.","volume":"294","author":"Flannigan","year":"2013","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"R39-20230908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128834","article-title":"Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity.","volume":"313","author":"Westerling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01984727-201904000-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T11:38:30Z","timestamp":1694173110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01984727-201904000-00001"}},"subtitle":["A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ee9.0000000000000042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-7882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-7882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}