{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:18:49Z","timestamp":1792613929115,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Evidence from epidemiologic and laboratory studies relating pesticides to breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Women engaging in agricultural work or living in agricultural areas may experience appreciable exposures to a wide range of pesticides, including herbicides, fumigants, and fungicides.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We examined exposure to herbicides, fumigants, and fungicides in relation to breast cancer risk among farmers\u2019 wives with no prior history of breast cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. Women provided information on pesticide use, demographics, and reproductive history at enrollment (1993\u20131997) and at a 5-year follow-up interview. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) between the women\u2019s and their husbands\u2019 self-reported use of individual pesticides and incident breast cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Out of 30,594 women, 38% reported using herbicides, fumigants, or fungicides and 1,081 were diagnosed with breast cancer during a median 15.3 years of follow-up. We found elevated risk in relation to women\u2019s ever use of the fungicide benomyl (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.7) and the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.8, 3.1) and to their husbands\u2019 use of the herbicide 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4,5-TP) (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9, 2.7). We observed few other chemical associations and little evidence of differential risk by tumor estrogen receptor status or linear exposure-response relationships.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n We did not observe clear excesses between use of specific pesticides and breast cancer risk across exposure metrics, although we did observe elevated risk associated with women\u2019s use of benomyl and 2,4,5-T and husbands\u2019 use of 2,4,5-TP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ee9.0000000000000097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T15:01:44Z","timestamp":1702911704000},"page":"e097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Herbicide, fumigant, and fungicide use and breast cancer risk among farmers\u2019 wives"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Werder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Satagopan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Koutros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Lerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Alavanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Beane Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, 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