{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:11:07Z","timestamp":1788793867439,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Opioid dependence is currently one of the most serious problems affecting the social norms and public health system. Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is being widely used in treating heroin-dependent patients. The mechanism of methadone metabolism and disposition has been shown to involve cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and P-glycoprotein. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among genetic polymorphisms, BMI and effective dose of methadone used in MMT within a northern Taiwan cohort.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred heroin-dependent patients were enrolled in the study. The clinical data gathered included methadone dose, sex and BMI. DNA was collected from the oral swab of the participants to analyze the relevant alleles.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An effective methadone dose correlated with sex, BMI and the presence of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ABCB1 2677GG<\/jats:italic> (rs2032582) and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2B6 516GG<\/jats:italic> (rs374527). Furthermore, the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CYP2B6 516GG<\/jats:italic> homozygote was related to a higher average dose of methadone (GG: 68.50 \u00b1 32.43; GT: 52.28 \u00b1 25.75; TT: 44.44 \u00b1 29.64; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02), whereas the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ABCB1 2677GG<\/jats:italic> homozygote was related to a lower dose (GG: 51.09 \u00b1 20.83; GT: 69.65 \u00b1 37.51; TT: 62.52 \u00b1 30.44; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). We examined the predictive effect of polymorphisms combined with sex and BMI on methadone dose by conducting multiple linear regressions. Our data predicted the average dose of methadone in approximately 30% of heroin-dependent patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The interactions between genetic polymorphisms and clinical features proved useful in identifying the effective dose of MMT for heroin-dependent patients in Taiwan more precisely.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/fpc.0000000000000450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T03:00:07Z","timestamp":1628737207000},"page":"31-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pharmacogenetic study of methadone treatment for heroin addiction: associations between drug-metabolizing gene polymorphisms and treatment efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yen-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Ting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yoursclinic, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuei-Fang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sofiva Lab, Dianthus MFN Center, Taipei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Tzu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Shih-Hsin Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000052","article-title":"Long-term course of opioid addiction.","volume":"23","author":"Hser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-20250808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20428","article-title":"Drug use disorders: impact of a public health rather than 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