{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T13:18:41Z","timestamp":1720271921798},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between quetiapine and N-desalkylquetiapine plasma levels and clinical improvement, particularly, in regard to depressive and anxious symptoms and to hostility.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a prospective observational study that involved 37 outpatients diagnosed as having bipolar disorder I or II. All the patients were observed during a clinical acute and postacute phase. Patients were prescribed 50\u2013800 mg of quetiapine. Patients were evaluated at baseline, after 15 days and after 3 months using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale with particular reference to the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and hostility. The plasma concentrations of quetiapine and N-desalkylquetiapine were determined after 3 months using blood samples taken at steady state.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There was a significant relationship between the N-desalkylquetiapine\/quetiapine ratio and the improvement in the depression dimension, and there was not a significant relationship between the N-desalkylquetiapine\/quetiapine ratio and anxiety and hostility improvement. Quetiapine treatment was well tolerated, and there were no extrapyramidal, anticholinergic, or other side effects to note. There was no relationship between plasma quetiapine or N-desalkylquetiapine concentrations and side effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings confirm the efficacy of quetiapine on depressive symptoms, and the available data support that quetiapine's antidepressant activity is mediated by the active metabolite norquetiapine, and it exemplifies the case of an active metabolite that can make a drug like quetiapine originally introduced as an antipsychotic a useful antidepressant agent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]],"date-time":"2017-05-06T18:22:49Z","timestamp":1494094969000},"page":"441-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of N-Desalkylquetiapine\/Quetiapine Plasma Level Ratio on Anxiety and Depression in Bipolar Disoder: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rovera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo C.","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di Pace","family":"Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Paletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Reggiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ciappolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Baldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy;"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital, Luigi Sacco, Universit\u00e0 di Milano, Milan, Italy; and"},{"name":"Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo C.","family":"Altamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2165\/11207280-000000000-00000","article-title":"Quetiapine extended release: adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder","volume":"25","author":"Sanford","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2165\/11208500-000000000-00000","article-title":"Quetiapine: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in bipolar disorder","volume":"30","author":"Plosker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"R3-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)82567-4","article-title":"In vitro prediction of potential metabolic drug interactions for Seroquel (Abstract)","volume":"24","author":"Grimm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"R4-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.023291","article-title":"Metabolism of quetiapine by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in presence or absence of cytochrome B5","volume":"37","author":"Bakken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos."},{"key":"R5-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2672","article-title":"Measurement of quetiapine and four quetiapine metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"26","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr."},{"key":"R6-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02507.x","article-title":"Effects of cytochrome P450 3A modulators ketoconazole and carbamazepine on quetiapine pharmacokinetics","volume":"61","author":"Grimm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"R7-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2006.21.3-4.187","article-title":"In vitro studies on quetiapine metabolism using the substrate depletion approach with focus on drug-drug interactions","volume":"21","author":"Hasselstr\u00f8m","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Metabol Drug Interact."},{"key":"R8-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31821160c4","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic variability of quetiapine and the active metabolite N-desalkylquetiapine in psychiatric patients","volume":"33","author":"Bakken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R9-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746050-00001","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of atypical antipsychotics: a critical review of the relation-ship between plasma concentrations and clinical response","volume":"46","author":"Mauri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"R10-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.2006.2.2.139","article-title":"The use of atypical antipsychotics beyond psychoses: efficacy of quetiapine in bipolar disorder","volume":"2","author":"Mundo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"R11-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318287acc9","article-title":"Norquetiapine and depressive symptoms in initially antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"R12-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.05.012","article-title":"Role of concomitant inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter for the antipsychotic effect of quetiapine","volume":"23","author":"Bj\u00f6rkholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"R13-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00082","article-title":"Quetiapine and buspirone both elevate cortical levels of noradrenaline and dopamine in vivo, but do not have synergistic effects","volume":"3","author":"Silverstone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"R14-20230814","first-page":"281","article-title":"Quetiapin in bipolar disorders","volume":"10","author":"S\u00fcmegi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Hung."},{"key":"R15-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.031","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in major depressive disorder: a placebo-controlled, randomized study","volume":"128","author":"Bortnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"R16-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1962.10.3.799","article-title":"The brief psychiatric rating scale","volume":"10","author":"Overall","year":"1962","journal-title":"Psychol Rep."},{"key":"R17-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286287","article-title":"AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update","volume":"44","author":"Hiemke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"R18-20230814","first-page":"528","article-title":"Development of a LC-MS\/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants and antipsychotics in human plasma","volume":"33","author":"Baldelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R20-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-016-0096-0","article-title":"Bipolar II compared with bipolar I disorder: baseline characteristics and treatment response to quetiapine in a pooled analysis of five placebo controlled clinical trials of acute bipolar depression","volume":"15","author":"Datto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"R21-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2165\/11597330-000000000-00000","article-title":"Effect of quetiapine and norquetiapine on anxiety and depression in major psychoses using a pharmacokinetic approach. A prospective observational study","volume":"32","author":"Altamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"key":"R22-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12186","article-title":"Antipsychotics as antidepressants","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry."},{"key":"R23-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1982-0","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of second-generation antipsychotics in pediatric patients: an observational study in real-life settings","volume":"3","author":"Pozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201708000-00021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T22:12:05Z","timestamp":1692051125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201708000-00021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000413","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}