{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1769118211815,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Background:<\/jats:title>Therapeutic drug monitoring has become increasingly important in psychiatric therapy. However, it is not yet implemented as a daily routine in clinical settings. To evaluate new, noninvasive procedures, we compared blood and saliva venlafaxine, quetiapine, and citalopram concentrations in samples collected from psychiatric patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods:<\/jats:title>We collected blood and saliva samples from 75 psychiatric patients (39 venlafaxine, 19 quetiapine, and 17 citalopram). Saliva sampling was achieved by the use of cotton pads. Venlafaxine (and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine) and quetiapine were analyzed by LC-MS\/MS, whereas citalopram was analyzed by HPLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results:<\/jats:title>We observed significant correlations between concentrations of venlafaxine (ratio saliva\/serum \u00b1 SD: 18.3 \u00b1 9.5,P<\/jats:italic>< 0.01, r = 0.895) and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ratio saliva\/serum \u00b1 SD: 4.1 \u00b1 3.2,P<\/jats:italic>< 0.05, r = 0.344), quetiapine (ratio saliva\/serum \u00b1 SD: 0.2 \u00b1 0.2,P<\/jats:italic>< 0.01, r = 0.935), and citalopram (ratio saliva\/serum \u00b1 SD: 2.6 \u00b1 1.2,P<\/jats:italic>< 0.05, r = 0.54) in serum and in saliva. Furthermore, measured concentrations of venlafaxine (and its metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine) and citalopram were higher in saliva than in serum, whereas measured concentrations of quetiapine were higher in serum than in saliva.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>Using cotton pad saliva sampling, venlafaxine and quetiapine demonstrate high correlations between saliva and serum concentrations, whereas for O-desmethylvenlafaxine and citalopram, other methods of sampling might be preferable. Saliva therapeutic drug monitoring of psychoactive drugs might become a useful approach to achieving individual treatment regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T02:38:34Z","timestamp":1525919914000},"page":"351-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Serum and Saliva Concentrations of Venlafaxine, O-Desmethylvenlafaxine, Quetiapine, and Citalopram in Psychiatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Luka\u010din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromsystems Instruments & Chemicals GmbH, Gr\u00e4felfing. Dr. Lukacin is now with RECIPE Chemicals and Instruments GmbH, Munich, Germany; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fleischhaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Willi","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286287","article-title":"AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2011","volume":"44","author":"Hiemke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-013-3925-2","article-title":"Therapeutisches drug-monitoring in der 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