{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:13:43Z","timestamp":1787786023574,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Drugs may potentially adsorb to blood collection tubes containing gel separators in the preanalytical phase of therapeutic drug monitoring. The aim of this study was to compare measured concentrations of 28 psychoactive drugs and 13 metabolites in spiked serum samples stored on standard (plain) tubes versus barrier gel tubes during a 2\u20136-day period at room temperature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Drug-free (\u201cblank\u201d) serum samples spiked with mixes of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers (valproic acid and lamotrigine), including relevant metabolites, were transferred to tubes with and without gel, that is, BD Vacutainer SST II Advance gel tubes and BD Vacutainer Glass Serum Tubes (Becton-Dickinson Company, Plymouth, United Kingdom). Mean serum concentrations of the drugs or metabolites measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry analyses of protein-precipitated samples were compared after storage on plain or gel tubes at 3 time points (day 0, day 2\/48 hours, and day 6\/144 hours) in room temperature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Mean serum concentrations of all antidepressants, except for one metabolite, and 13 of 18 antipsychotic drugs were significantly lower in gel tubes compared with plain tubes after 2 days of storage (2%\u201328% lower, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05). After 6 days of storage, mean serum concentrations of all antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants were significantly lower in gel tubes versus plain tubes (9%\u201349% lower, P<\/jats:italic> < 0.02), except for amisulpride and O<\/jats:italic>-desmethylvenlafaxine. Serum concentrations of the mood stabilizers were not significantly different in gel tubes compared with plain tubes (P<\/jats:italic> > 0.1). There was a clear relationship between log P (partition coefficient) and residual serum concentrations during gel tube storage (r<\/jats:italic> \u22120.50 and \u22120.42 at day 2 and day 6, respectively; P<\/jats:italic> < 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n This study shows that storage on gel for more than 2 days significantly decreases the serum concentrations of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs as compared to storage in plain tubes. Thus, using tubes with gel separators in the therapeutic drug monitoring of psychoactive drugs should be reconsidered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T20:43:46Z","timestamp":1544733826000},"page":"396-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Substantial Differences in Serum Concentrations of Psychoactive Drugs Measured in Samples Stored for 2 Days or More on Standard Serum Tubes Versus Serum Tubes Containing Gel Separators"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Birgit M.","family":"Wollmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde A.","family":"Lunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene K.","family":"St\u00f8ten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niclas","family":"Lunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Molden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; and"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-116492","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology: update 2017","volume":"51","author":"Hiemke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2015.065","article-title":"Quantification of selected antidepressants and antipsychotics in clinical samples using chromatographic methods combined with mass spectrometry: a review (2006-2015)","volume":"160","author":"Sistik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czach Repub."},{"key":"R3-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.111","article-title":"State of the art in therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"48","author":"Llorente Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"R4-20230814","first-page":"85","article-title":"Quality indicators to detect pre-analytical errors in laboratory testing","volume":"33","author":"Plebani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev."},{"key":"R5-20230814","first-page":"457","article-title":"Preanalytic indicators of laboratory performances and quality improvement of laboratory testing","volume":"52","author":"Lippi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab."},{"key":"R6-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/101.4.456","article-title":"Absorption of therapeutic drugs by barrier gels in serum separator blood collection tubes. Volume- and time-dependent reduction in total and free drug concentrations","volume":"101","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"R7-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200106000-00013","article-title":"Stability of therapeutic drugs in serum collected in vacutainer serum separator tubes containing a new gel (SST II)","volume":"23","author":"Bush","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R8-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200008000-00011","article-title":"Time-dependent absorption of therapeutic drugs by the gel of the Greiner Vacuette blood collection tube","volume":"22","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R9-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2000.045","article-title":"Suitability of collection tubes with separator gels for collecting and storing blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)","volume":"38","author":"Karppi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"R10-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.08.014","article-title":"Where clinical chemistry meets medicinal chemistry. Systematic analysis of physico-chemical properties predicts stability of common used drugs in gel separator serum tubes","volume":"462","author":"Steuer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201906000-00014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T22:35:39Z","timestamp":1692052539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201906000-00014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}