{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:33:28Z","timestamp":1790282008561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n An optimal antifungal therapy for invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients is essential to reduce the high mortality rates. Acute kidney injury is common, and continuous renal replacement therapies are frequently used. Previous studies have demonstrated a lack of effect from different continuous renal replacement techniques on micafungin clearance. However, the use of high cutoff pore size membranes could potentially allow for the loss of albumin and alter micafungin pharmacokinetics. The objective was to explore the pharmacokinetics of micafungin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous high cutoff membrane hemodialysis (CVVHD-HCO).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Prospective observational study performed in critically ill patients treated with 100 mg\/d of micafungin and undergoing CVVHD-HCO. CVVHD-HCO sessions were performed using Prisma-Flex monitors and dialyzers with a membrane of polyarylethersulfone of 1.1-m2<\/jats:sup> surface area and 45-kDa pore size. Blood samples were collected from arterial prefilter, venous postfilter, and the drainage line ports at 0 (predose), 1, 4, 12, 24 hours after dose, and micafungin concentrations were determined using HPLC-UV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Nine patients (55.6% male; age: 28\u201380 years) were included. Median (range) of micafungin concentrations in the effluent were <0.2 (<0.2\u20130.4) mg\/L at low (predose) and 0.4 (<0.2\u20130.7) mg\/L at high (1 h) concentrations. The extraction ratio was <12% at each time point. A 2-compartment model best described the time course of plasma concentrations, and body weight was the only covariate that improved the model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n This is the first study demonstrating that CVVHD-HCO does not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin, and that standard doses of this antifungal can be used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T14:29:43Z","timestamp":1548685783000},"page":"376-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Micafungin in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis With High Cutoff Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Tenorio-Ca\u00f1am\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobial Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions M\u00e9diques (IMIM), Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"},{"name":"Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD 16\/0016\/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Barcelona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobial Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions M\u00e9diques (IMIM), Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"},{"name":"Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD 16\/0016\/0015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Barcelona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Fort\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Madrid;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Lia\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, the University of Queensland; and"},{"name":"Departments of Intensive Care Medicine and Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis305","article-title":"Septic shock attributed to Candida infection: importance of empiric therapy and source control","volume":"54","author":"Kollef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000221","article-title":"Impact of therapeutic strategies on the prognosis of candidemia in the ICU","volume":"42","author":"Puig-Asensio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"R3-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3310-z","article-title":"A multicenter study of septic shock due to candidemia: outcomes and predictors of mortality","volume":"40","author":"Bassetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"R4-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12039","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Cornely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"R5-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.02.011","article-title":"Emerging trends in candidemia: a higher incidence but a similar outcome","volume":"65","author":"Fort\u00fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"R6-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O245","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12380","article-title":"Epidemiology and predictive factors for early and late mortality in Candida bloodstream infections: a population-based surveillance in Spain","volume":"20","author":"Puig-Asensio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec."},{"key":"R7-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ933","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"R8-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.05.005","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit","volume":"31","author":"Ostrosky-Zeichner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"R9-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005","article-title":"Delaying the empiric treatment of candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality","volume":"49","author":"Morrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"R10-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.02.049","article-title":"High-dose versus conventional-dose continuous venovenous hemofiltration and patient and kidney survival and cytokine removal in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"R11-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825eea8a","article-title":"A comparison of the effect of convention against diffusion in hemodynamics and cytokines clearance in an experimental model of septic shock","volume":"73","author":"Herrera-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"R12-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05630614","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic assessment in patients receiving continuous RRT: perspectives from the Kidney Health Initiative","volume":"10","author":"Nolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"R13-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis021","article-title":"Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: a patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials","volume":"54","author":"Andes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"R14-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.05.008","article-title":"Empirical and targeted therapy of candidemia with fluconazole versus echinocandins: a propensity score-derived analysis of a population-based, multicentre prospective cohort","volume":"22","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"R15-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.127.897","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of antifungal agent micafungin in critically ill patients receiving continuous haemodialysis filtration","volume":"127","author":"Hirata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi."},{"key":"R16-20230814","first-page":"184","article-title":"Experience of micafungin in patients requiring extrarenal depuration","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez-Lerma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R17-20230814","first-page":"10","article-title":"Differential pharmacokinetic characteristics of micafungin. Experience in special populations","volume":"29","author":"Grau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin."},{"key":"R18-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku013","article-title":"Micafungin pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic adequacy for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemofiltration","volume":"69","author":"Maseda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"R19-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2011.02.006","article-title":"High cut-off dialysis membranes: current uses and future potential","volume":"18","author":"Gondouin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"R20-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","article-title":"APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system","volume":"13","author":"Knaus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"R21-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","article-title":"The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction failure","volume":"22","author":"Vincent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"R22-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202208.37364.7D","article-title":"A bedside scoring system (Candida score) for early antifungal treatment in non-neutropenic critically ill patients with Candida colonization","volume":"34","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"R23-20230814","first-page":"19","article-title":"Definition and classification of AKI. KDIGO Clinical practice. guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Supplements."},{"key":"R24-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.05.033","article-title":"Determination of micafungin and anidulafungin in human plasma: UV- or mass spectrometric quantification?","volume":"879","author":"Martens-Lobenhoffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"R25-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31825c4ba6","article-title":"Accurate detection of outliers and subpopulations with Pmetrics, a nonparametric and parametric pharmacometric modeling and simulation package for R","volume":"34","author":"Neely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R26-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-013-9302-8","article-title":"Two general methods for population pharmacokinetic modeling: non-parametric adaptive grid and non-parametric Bayesian","volume":"40","author":"Tatarinova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"R27-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-005-0016-4","article-title":"Prediction discrepancies for the evaluation of nonlinear mixed-effects models","volume":"33","author":"Mentre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"R28-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746120-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic considerations for antimicrobial therapy in patients receiving renal replacement therapy","volume":"46","author":"Pea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"R29-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aab3d0","article-title":"Principles of antibacterial dosing in continuous renal replacement therapy","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"R30-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw352","article-title":"EMPIRICUS Trial Study Group. Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in ICU patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation","volume":"72","author":"Jullien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother."},{"key":"R31-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00272.x","article-title":"Optimal prophylactic dosage and disposition of micafungin in living donor liver recipients","volume":"18","author":"Kishino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Transplant."},{"key":"R32-20230814","first-page":"61","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of micafungin in critically ill patients diagnosed with invasive candidiasis","volume":"22","author":"Boonstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"R33-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2019-8","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of micafungin against Candida species in obese, critically ill, and morbidly obese critically ill patients","volume":"22","author":"Maseda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"R34-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1551-7","article-title":"Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on linezolid pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamics: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Villa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"R35-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.5414\/CN108724","article-title":"Removal of methadone by extended dialysis using a high cut-off dialyzer: implications for the treatment of overdose and for pain management in patients undergoing light chain removal","volume":"85","author":"Arelin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201906000-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1692052533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-201906000-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000595","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}