{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:42:06Z","timestamp":1785552126505,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) time courses in serum and physiological and behavioral effects associated with smoking 1 or 4 \u201clight cannabis\u201d cigarettes were studied. Biomarkers to differentiate light cannabis versus illegal and medical cannabis use were also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sera were obtained at different times from 6 healthy light cannabis consumers and 6 individuals who smoked 1 and 4 cigarettes, within 4 hours through a liquid\u2013liquid method and analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In serum, minimal THC concentration was observed after a single cigarette smoke, while repeated smoking increased it by 1 order of magnitude. CBD concentrations were higher, but did not increase linearly, probably because it does not preferentially volatilize compared with THC. The highest THC and CBD concentrations were observed 0.5 hours after the start of the smoking of 1 cigarette. Serum THC ranged from 2.7 to 5.9 ng\/mL, while serum CBD varied from 5.7 to 48.2 ng\/mL. Similarly, the highest THC and CBD concentrations were observed 0.5 hours after the smoking of 4 cigarettes. Specifically, the ranges were THC: 11.0\u201321.8 ng\/mL and CBD: 19.4\u201335.3 ng\/mL. In both cases, the mean THC\/CBD concentration ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, but participants who smoked 4 cigarettes experienced severe drowsiness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>THC and CBD time courses in the sera of light cannabis smokers were similar to those previously observed in oral fluid and blood. Serum THC\/CBD concentration ratio not higher than the mean value of 0.9 might be a useful biomarker to identify use of light cannabis versus that of illegal THC cannabis (where THC\/CBD concentration ratios are generally greater than 10) or versus that of medical cannabis (where ratios are greater than 1). Consumers should be advised of possible drowsiness after he repeated smoking of light cannabis cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T12:10:02Z","timestamp":1565093402000},"page":"151-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Time Courses in the Sera of \u201cLight Cannabis\u201d Smokers: Discriminating Light Cannabis Use from Illegal and Medical Cannabis Use"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Pichini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Mannocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, University of Camerino, Camerino;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zaami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Pirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University \u201cPolitecnica delle Marche,\u201d Ancona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pacifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco P.","family":"Busard\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Excellence-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University \u201cPolitecnica delle Marche,\u201d Ancona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6358","article-title":"Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Whiting","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"R3-20230814","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Medical use of cannabis: Italian and European legislation","volume":"22","author":"Zaami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"R5-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0566","article-title":"Determination of cannabinoids 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Toxicol."},{"key":"R17-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527316666170424115455","article-title":"Neurocognitive correlates in driving under the influence of cannabis","volume":"16","author":"Busard\u00f2","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug 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