{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:24:33Z","timestamp":1779269073284,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimally invasive sampling methods are important to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic research in children with behavioral problems. This study assessed the feasibility and pain of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated DBS sampling was performed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe behavioral problems using antipsychotic drugs, aged between 6 and 18 years. The child, guardian, and DBS performer assessed pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS-11) or 5-face Faces Pain Scale. The influence of age, sex, and the fingerprick performer on the child's pain intensity was analyzed using linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 247 fingerpricks were performed in 70 children. Seven children refused all DBS sampling. The median (interquartile range) NRS-11 pain scores were 2 (3) rated by children, 3 (2.5) by guardians, and 2 (2) by fingerprick performers. The child's age and sex, and fingerprick performer had no significant influence on pain intensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>DBS sampling could be performed in most children with ASD and severe behavioral problems. However, 1 in 5 children refused one or more DBS fingerpricks owing to distress. Most expressed minimal pain (NRS &lt; 4). Repeated sampling with DBS is feasible in children with ASD and severe behavioral problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T04:04:13Z","timestamp":1590465853000},"page":"648-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Feasibility of Dried Blood Spots in Children with Behavioral Problems"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sanne M.","family":"Kloosterboer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, and"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam ; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"van Eijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Internal Medicine, Section Nursing Science, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwen C.","family":"Dieleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam ; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manon H. J.","family":"Hillegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam ; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teun","family":"van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit C.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam ; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1646","article-title":"Dried blood spots: concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal."},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2018.0037","article-title":"A focused review on the treatment of pediatric patients with atypical antipsychotics","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"R3-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182549259","article-title":"Adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents: a Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"R4-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053","article-title":"Antipsychotics and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth","volume":"70","author":"Bobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"R5-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.10.929","article-title":"Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse events associated with antipsychotic treatment in children and adolescents","volume":"162","author":"McIntyre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"R6-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806994","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death","volume":"360","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"R7-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1225721","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring as a measure of proactive pharmacovigilance in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"15","author":"Gerlach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf."},{"key":"R8-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1286291","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"44","author":"Egberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"R9-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000411","article-title":"Dried blood spots combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantification of the antipsychotics risperidone, aripiprazole, pipamperone, and their major metabolites","volume":"39","author":"Tron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R10-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000502","article-title":"Dried blood spot analysis for therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics: drawbacks of its clinical application","volume":"40","author":"Kloosterboer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R13-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2017.0155","article-title":"Antipsychotics in Dutch youth: prevalence, dosages, and duration of use from 2005 to 2015","volume":"28","author":"Kloosterboer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"R14-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000406","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the numerical rating scale to assess self-reported pain intensity in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Castarlenas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R15-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.06.025","article-title":"Pain assessment in profound cognitive impaired children using the checklist pain behavior; is item reduction valid?","volume":"126","author":"Duivenvoorden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"R17-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314527839","article-title":"Acute pain experience in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: a review","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism."},{"key":"R18-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000240","article-title":"Pain assessment of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"37","author":"Ely","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr."},{"key":"R19-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200403000-00005","article-title":"Expression of pain in children with autism","volume":"20","author":"Nader","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain."},{"key":"R20-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.011","article-title":"How do children with autism spectrum disorders express pain? A comparison with developmentally delayed and typically developing children","volume":"154","author":"Rattaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"R21-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12983","article-title":"Longitudinal study on the use of dried blood spots for home monitoring in children after kidney transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Al-Uzri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Transpl."},{"key":"R22-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0411","article-title":"Volumetric absorptive microsampling at home as an alternative tool for the monitoring of hba1c in diabetes patients","volume":"55","author":"Verougstraete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"R23-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.177592","article-title":"Facilitating pharmacokinetic studies in children: a new use of dried blood spots","volume":"95","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"key":"R24-20230814","first-page":"695","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic studies in children: recommendations for practice and research","volume":"103","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000776","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T10:14:36Z","timestamp":1722939276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000776","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}