{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:22:10Z","timestamp":1779268930471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tacrolimus is a narrow therapeutic index medication, which requires therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize dosing based on systemic exposure. MITRA microsampling offers a convenient, minimally invasive approach for the collection of capillary blood samples from a finger prick versus conventional venous blood sampling for quantitation of tacrolimus blood concentrations. However, the suitability of MITRA microsampling for the determination of tacrolimus concentrations requires assessment in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Paired venous (2 mL) and capillary (10 \u03bcL) blood samples were collected pre\u2013tacrolimus dose and 1 and 3 hours postdose during routine outpatient visits from stable adult liver or kidney transplant patients receiving prolonged-release tacrolimus. Tacrolimus concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, and the concentrations obtained by the 2 sampling methods were compared by linear regression and Bland\u2013Altman agreement analyses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Samples were available for 82 transplant recipients (kidney, n = 41; liver, n = 41). A high correlation was observed between tacrolimus concentrations in capillary and venous blood samples (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.97; Lin concordance coefficient, 0.87; slope of the fitted line, &gt;1.0). Tacrolimus concentrations in capillary samples were 22.5% higher on average than in the corresponding venous blood samples (95% limits of agreement, 0.5%\u201344.6%). Similar results were observed in both transplant subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>MITRA finger prick sampling provides a convenient alternative to venipuncture for therapeutic drug monitoring in transplant recipients maintained on prolonged-release tacrolimus. When using the finger prick MITRA method, the positive bias in tacrolimus concentrations observed with this technique, when compared with venipuncture, needs to be taken into consideration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T09:00:40Z","timestamp":1607158840000},"page":"358-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Validation of a Capillary Dry Blood Sample MITRA-Based Assay for the Quantitative Determination of Systemic Tacrolimus Concentrations in Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nasrullah","family":"Undre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Europe, Ltd, Addlestone;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Covance Laboratories, Harrogate;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varuna","family":"Aluvihare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nassim","family":"Kamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rangueil, Toulouse;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faouzi","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP H\u00f4pital Paul-Brousse, INSERM Unit 1193, Villejuif, France; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Torpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapneel","family":"Anaokar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Europe, Ltd, Addlestone;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gbenga","family":"Kazeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Europe, Ltd, Addlestone;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astellas Pharma Europe, Ltd, Addlestone;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199529060-00003","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus","volume":"29","author":"Venkataramanan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"R2-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12763","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of prolonged-release tacrolimus and implications for use in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"30","author":"Tanzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Transpl."},{"key":"R3-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199610150-00005","article-title":"An open-label, concentration-ranging trial of FK506 in primary kidney transplantation: a report of the United States Multicenter FK506 Kidney Transplant Group","volume":"62","author":"Laskow","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"R4-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70013-8","article-title":"Abbreviated tacrolimus area-under-the-curve monitoring for renal transplant","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"R5-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181cc70db","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic modeling and development of Bayesian estimators in kidney transplant patients receiving the tacrolimus once-daily formulation","volume":"32","author":"Saint-Marcoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R6-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03837.x","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic model and Bayesian estimator for two tacrolimus formulations\u2014twice daily Prograf and once daily Advagraf","volume":"71","author":"Woillard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"R7-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000269","article-title":"Assuring the proper analytical performance of measurement procedures for immunosuppressive drug concentrations in clinical practice","volume":"38","author":"Seger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R8-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmx056","article-title":"Tacrolimus: a review of laboratory detection methods and indications for use","volume":"48","author":"Kalt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Med."},{"key":"R9-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(96)01951-6","article-title":"An HPLC\/MS\/MS assay for tacrolimus in patient blood samples. Correlation with results of an ELISA assay","volume":"16","author":"Alak","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal."},{"key":"R10-20250603","first-page":"140","article-title":"Dried blood spot measurement: application in tacrolimus monitoring using limited sampling strategy and abbreviated AUC estimation","volume":"21","author":"Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Int."},{"key":"R11-20250603","first-page":"e52424","article-title":"Quantification of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus on dried blood spots using LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"105","author":"Shokati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp."},{"key":"R12-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000422","article-title":"Dried blood spot sampling for tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in children: analytical and clinical validation","volume":"39","author":"Martial","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R13-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-019-00553-z","article-title":"Predictability of capillary blood spot toward venous whole blood sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"44","author":"Gallant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"R14-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000655","article-title":"Tacrolimus can be reliably measured with volumetric absorptive capillary microsampling throughout the dose interval in renal transplant recipients","volume":"41","author":"Vethe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R15-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.028126","article-title":"Feasibility of immunosuppressant drug monitoring by a microsampling device","volume":"4","author":"Gruzdys","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med."},{"key":"R16-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000697","article-title":"Tacrolimus area under the concentration versus time curve monitoring, using home-based volumetric absorptive capillary microsampling","volume":"42","author":"Gustavsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R17-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113422","article-title":"Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) for assaying immunosuppressants from venous whole blood by LC\u2013MS\/MS using a novel atmospheric pressure ionization probe (UniSprayTM)","volume":"189","author":"Paniagua-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal."},{"key":"R18-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa005","article-title":"Volumetric microsampling of capillary blood spot vs whole blood sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A: accuracy and patient satisfaction","volume":"5","author":"Mbughuni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med."},{"key":"R19-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563220948886","article-title":"Assessment of tacrolimus and creatinine concentration collected using Mitra microsampling devices","volume":"57","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem."},{"key":"R20-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000833","article-title":"Quantitation of tacrolimus in human whole blood samples obtained using the MITRA microsampling device","author":"Undre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R21-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204","article-title":"Measuring agreement in method comparison studies","volume":"8","author":"Bland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res."},{"key":"R22-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/10543400701329422","article-title":"Agreement between methods of measurement with multiple observations per individual","volume":"17","author":"Bland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat."},{"key":"R23-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-014-0177-7","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring by dried blood spot: progress to date and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T17:25:19Z","timestamp":1748971519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000000847","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}