{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:46:11Z","timestamp":1793814371111,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Legally prescribed benzodiazepines (BZDs) and designer BZDs are widely misused and must be determined in multiple contexts (eg, overdose, drug-facilitated sexual assaults, or driving under the influence of drugs). This study aimed to develop a method for measuring serum BZD levels using probe electrospray ionization (PESI) mass spectrometry and an isotope dilution approach.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a probe electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used. Isotope dilution was applied for quantification using a deuterated internal standard at a fixed concentration for alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, zolpidem, and zopiclone. This method included designer BZDs: clonazolam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, etizolam, flualprazolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, meclonazepam, nifoxipam, and pyrazolam. Sample preparation was done by mixing 10 \u00b5L of serum with 500 \u00b5L of an ethanol\/ammonium formate 0.01 mol\/L buffer. Complete validation was performed, and the method was compared with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) and immunoassays (IC) by analyzing 40 real samples.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The analysis time for identification and quantification of the 18 molecules was 2.5 minutes. This method was fully validated, and the limits of quantification varied from 5 to 50 mcg\/L depending on the molecule. In the 40 real samples, 100% of molecules (n = 89) were detected by both LC-MS\/MS and PESI-MS\/MS, and regression analysis showed excellent agreement between the 2 methods (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.98). On IC, bromazepam and zolpidem were not detected in 2 and 1 cases, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PESI-MS\/MS allows serum BZD detection and measurement. Given the isotope dilution approach, a calibration curve was not required, and its performance was similar to that of LC-MS\/MS, and its specificity was higher than that of IC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000001189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T22:04:27Z","timestamp":1710799467000},"page":"522-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Probe Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection and Quantification of Benzodiazepines"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Griffeuille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souleiman","family":"El Balkhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Dulaurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Saint-Marcoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France; and"},{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199106040-00003","article-title":"Benzodiazepine poisoning. 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