{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:30:35Z","timestamp":1767868235509,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with suspected postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis are at a high risk of vision loss if not treated immediately and adequately. Initial treatment typically involves the intravitreal administration of antibiotics, with ceftazidime in combination with vancomycin being the common agents administered. Unbound ceftazidime exposure should exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration at the infection site. To facilitate investigation of the disposition of ceftazidime after its intravitreal injection, an ultra-performance convergence chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying ceftazidime in the vitreous humor was developed and validated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each sample (20 \u00b5L) was prepared by protein precipitation of the test sample mixed with the internal standard solution (2 mg\/L meropenem-d\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      in methanol). The sample was analyzed using a Waters Acquity UPC\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      system coupled to a Waters Xevo TQ-S micro triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters Corp, Milford, MA). The method was validated according to guidelines published by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration. The validation parameters were linearity, limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, interday and intraday precision, carryover effect, autosampler stability, and short-term and long-term stability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The method had a linear range (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      &gt; 0.990) between 1.3 and 99.6 mg\/L and exhibited less than 15% inaccuracy and imprecision. The carryover effect was significant (53% of the lower LOQ) when injecting a blank sample after an upper LOQ sample but was negated after injecting an additional blank sample. Therefore, 1 blank sample should be injected after each patient sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This ultra-performance convergence chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method facilitates the rapid and reliable determination of ceftazidime in the vitreous humor, with a short run time of 5 minutes. It was successfully applied to 72 clinical samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0000000000001371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1755777651000},"page":"105-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of Ceftazidime in the Vitreous Humor Using Ultra-performance Convergence Chromatography\u2013Tandem Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Soma","family":"Bahmany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Manzulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"van der Wel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koorosh","family":"Faridpooya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"van Romunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rawi","family":"Ramautar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14964","article-title":"Validation of a multi-species-specific pcr panel to diagnose patients with suspected postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis","volume":"100","author":"van Halsema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"R2-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2119254","article-title":"Vitreous humor: composition, characteristics and implication on intravitreal drug delivery","volume":"48","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res."},{"key":"R3-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114904","article-title":"High-throughput analysis for the simultaneous quantification of nine beta-lactam antibiotics in human plasma by UPC2-MS\/MS: method development, validation, and clinical application","volume":"219","author":"Bahmany","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal."},{"key":"R4-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124169","article-title":"Quantification of cefuroxime and flucloxacillin in synovial tissue and bone using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1241","author":"Bahmany","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"R5-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.122696","article-title":"Quantification of beta-lactam antibiotics cefuroxime and flucloxacillin in human synovial fluid, using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1173","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"R6-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2014.02.036","article-title":"Supercritical fluid chromatography as a tool for enantioselective separation; a review","volume":"821","author":"Kalikova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"R10-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.01.003","article-title":"Validation of bioanalytical LC-MS\/MS assays: evaluation of matrix effects","volume":"877","author":"Van Eeckhaut","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"R12-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000650","article-title":"Preanalytical stability of piperacillin, tazobactam, meropenem, and ceftazidime in plasma and whole blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"41","author":"Mortensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R13-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2022.123164","article-title":"Quantification of ceftazidime\/avibactam in human plasma and dried blood spots: implications on stability and sample transport","volume":"1193","author":"Martens-Lobenhoffer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"R14-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000001100","article-title":"Stability of 10 beta-lactam antibiotics in human plasma at different storage conditions","volume":"45","author":"Bahmany","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit."},{"key":"R15-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2018-0105","article-title":"Proposed selection strategy of surrogate matrix to quantify endogenous substances by Japan Bioanalysis Forum DG2015\u201315","volume":"10","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"R16-20260108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.02.006","article-title":"Recent advances in high-throughput quantitative bioanalysis by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000001371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:01:32Z","timestamp":1767848492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000001371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0000000000001371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356","1536-3694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4356","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-3694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}