{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:20:04Z","timestamp":1761016804461,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ftd.0b013e3181626ffd","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T06:58:38Z","timestamp":1236236318000},"page":"120-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam and Metabolites in a Patient With Refractory Status Epilepticus Treated With Extraordinary Doses of Midazolam"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Bodmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Grignaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Ruegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Haschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00187-5","article-title":"The effect of age, sex, and rifampin administration on intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity.","volume":"74","author":"Gorski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R2-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70009-3","article-title":"Differentiation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity with use of midazolam as an in vivo probe: effect of ketoconazole.","volume":"66","author":"Tsunoda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R3-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1982.133","article-title":"Physiologic and temporal variation in hepatic elimination of midazolam.","volume":"32","author":"Klotz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R5-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90177-0","article-title":"Oral first-pass elimination of midazolam involves both gastrointestinal and hepatic CYP3A-mediated metabolism.","volume":"59","author":"Thummel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R6-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.07.003","article-title":"In vivo comparisons of constitutive cytochrome P450 3A activity assessed by alprazolam, triazolam, and midazolam.","volume":"76","author":"Masica","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R7-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1989.182","article-title":"Decreased plasma albumin concentration results in increased volume of distribution and decreased elimination of midazolam in intensive care patients.","volume":"46","author":"Vree","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R8-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199208000-00010","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of midazolam administered by continuous intravenous infusion to intensive care patients.","volume":"20","author":"Malacrida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R9-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.129068","article-title":"Application of semisimultaneous midazolam administration for hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A phenotyping.","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R10-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.31","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of midazolam in intensive care patients, a wide interpatient variability?","volume":"43","author":"Oldenhof","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R11-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8701500415","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of long-term infusion of midazolam in critically ill patients-preliminary results.","volume":"15","author":"Dirksen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R12-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90068-3","article-title":"Interaction between grapefruit juice and midazolam in humans.","volume":"58","author":"Kupferschmidt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R13-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2987","article-title":"Determination of midazolam and its hydroxymetabolites in human plasma and oral fluid by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.","volume":"21","author":"Link","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"R14-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30360-5","article-title":"Effects of route of administration and blood flow on hepatic drug elimination.","volume":"195","author":"Shand","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R15-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090222","article-title":"The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man.","volume":"9","author":"Wynne","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R16-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00389.x","article-title":"Beta activity in status epilepticus.","volume":"47","author":"Bonati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R17-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00021.x","article-title":"Concentrations and effects of oral midazolam are greatly reduced in patients treated with carbamazepine or phenytoin.","volume":"37","author":"Backman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R18-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199910000-00003","article-title":"Effects of chronic administration of glucocorticoid on midazolam pharmacokinetics in humans.","volume":"21","author":"Nakajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"R19-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023396681","article-title":"Basic pharmacologic mechanisms involved in benzodiazepine tolerance and withdrawal.","volume":"8","author":"Bateson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"R20-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528060-00005","article-title":"Dose adjustment in patients with liver disease.","volume":"28","author":"Delco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"R21-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.6.1366","article-title":"Prolongation of midazolam half-life after sustained infusion for status epilepticus.","volume":"54","author":"Naritoku","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R22-21-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.3.389","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring of midazolam in critically ill patients.","volume":"27","author":"Spina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181626ffd","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T01:10:18Z","timestamp":1738977018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007691-200802000-00021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ftd.0b013e3181626ffd","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-4356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}