{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:24:38Z","timestamp":1785237878056,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/gco.0000000000000033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1385025499000},"page":"9-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Vulvar cancer surgery"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Glauco","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael M.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2006.02.008","article-title":"Surgery and radiotherapy in vulvar cancer.","volume":"60","author":"De Hullu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"R3-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90573-A","article-title":"Assessment of current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging of vulvar carcinoma relative to prognostic factors for survival (A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study).","volume":"164","author":"Homesley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet"},{"key":"R4-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2013.03.004","article-title":"Prognostic value of the number and laterality of metastatic inguinal lymph nodes in vulvar cancer: revisiting the FIGO staging system.","volume":"39","author":"Baiocchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R5-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.06.007","article-title":"Clinical management of primary vulvar cancer.","volume":"47","author":"Woelber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"R6-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(92)90050-S","article-title":"3rd JL, Burke TW, Tornos C, et al. Minimally invasive vulvar carcinoma: an indication for conservative surgical therapy.","volume":"44","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R7-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33088-5","article-title":"Stage I squamous cell cancer of the vulva.","volume":"134","author":"Magrina","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R8-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-157","article-title":"Challenging the concept of microinvasive carcinoma of the vulva: report of a case with regional lymph node recurrence and review of the literature.","volume":"6","author":"Sidor","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R9-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90699-I","article-title":"Groin dissection versus groin radiation in carcinoma of the vulva: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.","volume":"24","author":"Stehman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R11-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)30802-4","article-title":"Cancer of the vulva: an analysis of 155 cases.","volume":"40","author":"Taussig","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(60)90626-8","article-title":"Carcinoma of the vulva.","volume":"79","author":"Way","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-4-20210129","first-page":"457","article-title":"Psychosexual adjustment after vulvar surgery.","volume":"62","author":"Andersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1998.5149","article-title":"Primary squamous cell cancer of the vulva: radical versus modified radical vulvar surgery.","volume":"71","author":"Magrina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R15-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(92)90081-S","article-title":"Morbidity and recurrence with modifications of radical vulvectomy and groin dissection.","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R16-4-20210129","first-page":"574","article-title":"Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy through separate groin incisions.","volume":"58","author":"Hacker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R17-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10969","article-title":"Vulvar carcinoma. The price of less radical surgery.","volume":"95","author":"De Hullu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R18-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1151","article-title":"The importance of the groin node status for the survival of T1 and T2 vulval carcinoma patients.","volume":"57","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R19-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(89)90084-X","article-title":"Recurrent vulvar carcinoma in the intervening tissue bridge in early invasive stage I disease treated by radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin dissection through separate incisions.","volume":"35","author":"Schulz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R20-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.1993.03010018.x","article-title":"Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions - experience with 100 cases.","volume":"3","author":"Grimshaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R21-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(85)90260-4","article-title":"Radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy utilizing separate groin incisions: report of a case with recurrence in the intervening skin bridge.","volume":"21","author":"Christopherson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R22-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.1999.99069.x","article-title":"Skin bridge recurrences in vulvar cancer: frequency and management.","volume":"9","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R23-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930801)72:3<799::AID-CNCR2820720327>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"MP, Reid GC, Morley GW, Radical vulvectomy. The decision for the incision.","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R24-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1152","article-title":"T23 vulva cancer: a case-control study of triple incision versus en bloc radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy.","volume":"57","author":"Siller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R26-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90119-4","article-title":"An alternate approach to early cancer of the vulva.","volume":"133","author":"DiSaia","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R27-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1128","article-title":"Surgical therapy of T1 and T2 vulvar carcinoma: further experience with radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy.","volume":"57","author":"Burke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R28-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(90)90064-R","article-title":"Surgical-pathologic variables predictive of local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.","volume":"38","author":"Heaps","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R29-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.10.004","article-title":"Margin distance and other clinico-pathologic prognostic factors in vulvar carcinoma: a multivariate analysis.","volume":"104","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R30-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.02.012","article-title":"Invasive vulvar carcinoma and the question of the surgical margin.","volume":"114","author":"Palaia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R31-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.02.033","article-title":"Low yield of residual vulvar carcinoma and dysplasia upon re-excision for close or positive margins.","volume":"129","author":"Ioffe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R32-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181df7423","article-title":"Recurrence rate in vulvar carcinoma in relation to pathological margin distance.","volume":"20","author":"Groenen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R33-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1778-0","article-title":"Prognostic value of pathological resection margin distance in squamous cell cancer of the vulva.","volume":"18","author":"Woelber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R34-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000701)89:1<116::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Patterns of recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. A multicenter CTF study.","volume":"89","author":"Maggino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R35-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70654-3","article-title":"Sites of failure and times to failure in carcinoma of the vulva treated conservatively: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.","volume":"174","author":"Stehman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R36-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000415)88:8<1869::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: clinicopathologic determinants identifying low risk patients.","volume":"88","author":"Preti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R37-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.05.036","article-title":"Relationship of margin status and radiation dose to recurrence in postoperative vulvar carcinoma.","volume":"130","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R38-4-20210129","first-page":"490","article-title":"Early stage I carcinoma of the vulva treated with ipsilateral superficial lymphadenectomy and modified radical hemivulvectomy: a prospective study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.","volume":"79","author":"Stehman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R39-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00374-3","article-title":"Groin recurrence in patients treated with negative nodes on superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy.","volume":"90","author":"Gordinier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R40-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(89)90078-4","article-title":"Conservative surgical management of superficially invasive stage I vulvar carcinoma.","volume":"35","author":"Berman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R41-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.05.011","article-title":"Outcomes of stage III vulvar cancer patients after negative superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy.","volume":"98","author":"Kirby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R42-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.05.029","article-title":"A systematic review of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for inguinal lymph node status in vulvar cancer.","volume":"99","author":"Selman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R43-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.02.031","article-title":"Pitfalls in the sentinel lymph node procedure in vulvar cancer.","volume":"94","author":"De Hullu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R44-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32833c06da","article-title":"Current controversies in the management of patients with early-stage vulvar cancer.","volume":"22","author":"Oonk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"R45-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.0566","article-title":"Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer.","volume":"26","author":"Van der Zee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R47-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.5790","article-title":"Complete groin lymphadenectomy with preservation of the fascia lata in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma.","volume":"77","author":"Bell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R48-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70104-2","article-title":"Size of sentinel-node metastasis and chances of nonsentinel-node involvement and survival in early stage vulvar cancer: results from GROINSS-V, a multicentre observational study.","volume":"11","author":"Oonk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R49-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.10.072","article-title":"The accuracy of the sentinel lymph node concept in early stage squamous cell vulvar carcinoma.","volume":"116","author":"Radziszewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R50-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.2528","article-title":"Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study.","volume":"30","author":"Levenback","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R51-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.11.034","article-title":"Is bilateral lymphadenectomy for midline squamous carcinoma of the vulva always necessary An analysis from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 173.","volume":"128","author":"Coleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R52-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2735-2","article-title":"Secondary sentinel node biopsy after previous excision of the primary tumor in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.","volume":"20","author":"Woelber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R53-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31822dbe3c","article-title":"Effects of previous surgery on the detection of sentinel nodes in women with vulvar cancer.","volume":"21","author":"Ennik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R54-4-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00051-8","article-title":"Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vulva: locally advanced disease.","volume":"17","author":"Hoffman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R56-4-20210129","first-page":"CD003752","article-title":"Chemoradiation for advanced primary vulval cancer.","volume":"4","author":"Shylasree","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:41:39Z","timestamp":1620952899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00001703-201402000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gco.0000000000000033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-872X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-872X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}