{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:14:07Z","timestamp":1792880047228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/gco.0b013e328357628b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,18]],"date-time":"2012-08-18T13:24:48Z","timestamp":1345296288000},"page":"349-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Pelvic floor disorders following vaginal or cesarean delivery"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Memon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Handa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311","article-title":"Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women.","volume":"300","author":"Nygaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R2-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96","article-title":"Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Disorders.","volume":"114","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)International Continence Society (ICS) Joint Report on the Terminology for Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction.","volume":"29","author":"Haylen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R4-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.5.537","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in US women: a population-based study.","volume":"165","author":"Melville","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R5-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31824b2e3e","article-title":"Trends in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence.","volume":"119","author":"Jonsson Funk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R6-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-011-0209-x","article-title":"The financial burden of stress urinary incontinence among women in the United States.","volume":"12","author":"Chong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"R7-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0188-5","article-title":"Quality of life in women with stress urinary incontinence.","volume":"18","author":"Tennstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"R8-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21221","article-title":"Urinary incontinence during pregnancy and 1 year after delivery in primiparous women compared with a control group of nulliparous women.","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R9-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.034","article-title":"Risks of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery in relation to mode of childbirth.","volume":"204","author":"Leijonhufvud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R10-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182267f2f","article-title":"Pelvic Floor Disorders 5-10 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth.","volume":"118","author":"Handa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R11-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318240df4f","article-title":"Pelvic Floor Disorders after Vaginal Birth Effect of Episiotomy, Perineal Laceration, and Operative Birth.","volume":"119","author":"Handa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.09.010","article-title":"Racial differences in the prevalence of overactive bladder in the United States from the epidemiology of LUTS (EpiLUTS) study.","volume":"79","author":"Coyne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R14-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021788","article-title":"Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section.","volume":"348","author":"Rortveit","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R15-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.004","article-title":"Pelvic organ descent and symptoms of pelvic floor disorders.","volume":"193","author":"Ghetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0938-2","article-title":"Symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction are poorly correlated with findings on clinical examination and dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor.","volume":"20","author":"Broekhuis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"R17-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.07.028","article-title":"Is there a pelvic organ prolapse threshold that predicts pelvic floor symptoms.","volume":"199","author":"Gutman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R18-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00698-7","article-title":"Correlation of symptoms with degree of pelvic organ support in a general population of women: what is pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"189","author":"Swift","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000180183.03897.72","article-title":"Vaginal wall descensus and pelvic floor symptoms in older women.","volume":"106","author":"Bradley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R20-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181985312","article-title":"Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse at midlife, quality of life, and risk factors.","volume":"113","author":"Fritel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R21-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f73729","article-title":"Lifetime Risk of Undergoing Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R22-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000218096.54169.34","article-title":"Parity, mode of delivery, and pelvic floor disorders.","volume":"107","author":"Lukacz Es, Lawrence","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R23-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-1074-8","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors and pelvic floor dysfunction 20 years after first delivery.","volume":"21","author":"Dolan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Urogyn J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"R24-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.11.028","article-title":"Cesarean section and risk of pelvic organ prolapse: a nested case-control study.","volume":"200","author":"Larsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R25-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e31820e5d06","article-title":"Risk factors for prolapse development in white, black, and hispanic women.","volume":"17","author":"Kudish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R26-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000323682","article-title":"Influence of mode of delivery on pelvic organ support 6 months postpartum.","volume":"72","author":"Diez-Itza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"R27-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0937-3","article-title":"Pelvic organ support among primiparous women in the first year after childbirth.","volume":"20","author":"Handa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"R28-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(35)90169-7","article-title":"The primiparous perineum after forceps delivery.","volume":"30","author":"Nugent","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R29-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(35)91073-0","article-title":"Analysis of end-results of labor in primiparas after spontaneous versus prophylactic methods of delivery.","volume":"30","author":"Aldridge","year":"1935","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R30-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.17.2141","article-title":"Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review.","volume":"293","author":"Hartmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R31-15-20210129","first-page":"411","article-title":"Does mediolateral episiotomy decrease central defects of the anterior vaginal wall Arch Gynecol O","volume":"285","author":"Cam","year":"2012","journal-title":"bstet"},{"key":"R32-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.10.893","article-title":"Risk factors for primary and subsequent anal sphincter lacerations: a comparison of cohorts by parity and prior mode of delivery.","volume":"196","author":"Lowder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126977","article-title":"Risk factors associated with anal sphincter tear: a comparison of primiparous patients, vaginal birth after cesarean deliveries, and patients with previous vaginal delivery.","volume":"187","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R34-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000232504.32589.3b","article-title":"Fecal and urinary incontinence in primiparous women.","volume":"108","author":"Borello-France","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R35-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903576004","article-title":"A systematic review of etiological factors for postpartum fecal incontinence.","volume":"89","author":"Bols","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"R36-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.055","article-title":"Obstetrical anal sphincter laceration and anal incontinence 5-10 years after childbirth.","volume":"207","author":"Evers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R37-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","article-title":"Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery.","volume":"329","author":"Sultan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R38-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00799.x","article-title":"Occult anal sphincter injuries--myth or reality","volume":"113","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R39-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-061008-124823","article-title":"On the biomechanics of vaginal birth and common sequelae.","volume":"11","author":"Ashton-Miller, Delancey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"R40-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000109207.22354.65","article-title":"Levator ani muscle stretch induced by simulated vaginal birth.","volume":"103","author":"Lien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R41-15-20210129","first-page":"46","article-title":"The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery.","volume":"101","author":"Delancey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R42-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01","article-title":"Levator trauma after vaginal delivery.","volume":"106","author":"Dietz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R43-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.10132","article-title":"Prevalence of levator ani muscle injury in Chinese women after first delivery.","volume":"39","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R44-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03152.x","article-title":"Impact of mode of delivery on levator morphology: a prospective observational study with three-dimensional ultrasound early in the postpartum period.","volume":"119","author":"Albrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R45-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02704.x","article-title":"Intrapartum risk factors for levator trauma.","volume":"117","author":"Shek","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R46-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.569603","article-title":"Comparison of pelvic floor muscle strength between women undergoing vaginal delivery, cesarean section, and nulliparae using a perineometer and digital palpation.","volume":"27","author":"Batista","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R47-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1518-9","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle function before and after first childbirth.","volume":"22","author":"Sigurdardottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R50-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000227786.69257.a8","article-title":"Interaction among apical support, levator ani impairment, and anterior vaginal wall prolapse.","volume":"108","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R51-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250901.57095.ba","article-title":"Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"109","author":"Delancey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R52-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01751.x","article-title":"Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"115","author":"Dietz","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R53-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02570.x","article-title":"Pelvic floor damage and childbirth: a neurophysiological study.","volume":"97","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R54-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00817-2","article-title":"Patterns of abnormal pudendal nerve function that are associated with postpartum fecal incontinence.","volume":"189","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R55-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e318236dcab","article-title":"Combined ischemic and neuropathic insult to the anal canal in an animal model of obstetric-related trauma.","volume":"55","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"R56-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.03.020","article-title":"Recovery of continence function following simulated birth trauma involves repair of muscle and nerves in the urethra in the female mouse.","volume":"57","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R57-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F277","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90602.2008","article-title":"Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery.","volume":"296","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"R58-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.02.022","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of the vaginal wall: effect of pregnancy, elastic fiber deficiency, and pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"198","author":"Rahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R59-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e3181ed30d2","article-title":"Repetitive mechanical stretch increases extracellular collagenase activity in vaginal fibroblasts.","volume":"16","author":"Zong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R60-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.08.006","article-title":"Repetitive mechanical stretching modulates IL-1beta induced COX-2, MMP-1 expression, and PGE2 production in human patellar tendon fibroblasts.","volume":"363","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R61-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1104976","article-title":"Elastogenesis in the vaginal wall and pelvic-organ prolapse.","volume":"364","author":"Connell","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R62-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2010.02.001","article-title":"Changes of glycoprotein and collagen immunolocalization in the uterine artery wall of postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"113","author":"Goepel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"R63-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01814.x","article-title":"Decreased expression of elastin, fibulin-5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1 in the uterosacral ligaments of postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"R64-15-20210129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181da7946","article-title":"Alteration of vaginal elastin metabolism in women with pelvic organ prolapse.","volume":"115","author":"Zong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328357628b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T20:18:48Z","timestamp":1620937128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00001703-201210000-00015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gco.0b013e328357628b","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-872X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-872X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}