{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:32:10Z","timestamp":1793716330522,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182a4690b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1380617888000},"page":"450-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Association between the vaginal microbiota, menopause status, and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Brotman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Shardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Gajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Fadrosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle I.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael P.","family":"Viscidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Ravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patti E.","family":"Gravitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0413","article-title":"Vulvovaginal atrophy.","volume":"85","author":"Mac Bride","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R2-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31817b614a","article-title":"Understanding the menopausal experiences of professional women.","volume":"16","author":"Simon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R3-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2010.522875","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy.","volume":"13","author":"Sturdee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"R4-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2011.647840","article-title":"Vaginal Health: Insights, Views Attitudes (VIVA)results from an international survey.","volume":"15","author":"Nappi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"R5-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31821f92df","article-title":"Management of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: an up-to-date review Review.","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R6-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31824b970a","article-title":"The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society.","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R7-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12120","article-title":"Resistance and barriers to local estrogen therapy in women with atrophic vaginitis.","volume":"10","author":"Kingsberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"R9-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-007-0073-5","article-title":"Postmenopausal vaginitis.","volume":"9","author":"Nyirjesy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R10-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2005.06.014","article-title":"Management of post-menopausal vaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis.","volume":"52","author":"Castelo-Branco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"R11-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040592","article-title":"Rapid fluctuation of the vaginal microbiota measured by Gram stain analysis.","volume":"86","author":"Brotman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R12-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318235502b","article-title":"The slippery slope: lubricant use and rectal sexually transmitted infections: a newly identified risk.","volume":"39","author":"Gorbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R13-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181644669","article-title":"Mucosal irritation potential of personal lubricants relates to product osmolality as detected by the slug mucosal irritation assay.","volume":"35","author":"Adriaens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R15-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31825cab41","article-title":"What happened to WHI: menopausal hormonal therapy in 2012.","volume":"55","author":"Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026602","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome and epithelial gene array in post-menopausal women with moderate to severe dryness.","volume":"6","author":"Hummelen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R17-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.06.003","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral lactobacilli to improve the vaginal flora of postmenopausal women.","volume":"141","author":"Petricevic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R18-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001251","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples.","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R19-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1086\/657320","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis assessed by Gram stain and diminished colonization resistance to incident gonococcal, chlamydial, and trichomonal genital infection.","volume":"202","author":"Brotman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823ea228","article-title":"The microbiota of the vagina and its influence on womens health and disease.","volume":"343","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R21-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700390118","article-title":"The conversion of the glycogen of the vagina into lactic acid.","volume":"39","author":"Cruickshank","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"R22-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00012","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00012-11","article-title":"Directed culturing of microorganisms using metatranscriptomics.","volume":"2","author":"Bomar","year":"2011","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"R23-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1128\/MR.59.1.143-169.1995","article-title":"Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation.","volume":"59","author":"Amann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R24-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.49.6.1482-1487.1985","article-title":"Separation and purification of bacteria from soil.","volume":"49","author":"Bakken","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R25-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.11.1.3","article-title":"Pyrosequencing sheds light on DNA sequencing.","volume":"11","author":"Ronaghi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"R26-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037818","article-title":"Bacterial communities in women with bacterial vaginosis: high resolution phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships of microbiota to clinical criteria.","volume":"7","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R28-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women.","volume":"108","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R29-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-5","article-title":"Association of Atopobium vaginae, a recently described metronidazole resistant anaerobe, with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"4","author":"Ferris","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R30-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802","article-title":"Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"353","author":"Fredricks","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R31-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010197","article-title":"Temporal variability of human vaginal bacteria and relationship with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"5","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R32-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132ra52","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the human vaginal microbiota.","volume":"4","author":"Gajer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R33-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis660","article-title":"A cohort effect of the sexual revolution may be masking an increase in human papillomavirus detection at menopause in the United States.","volume":"207","author":"Gravitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"JInfect Dis"},{"key":"R34-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6183","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2635","article-title":"Contributions of recent and past sexual partnerships on incident human papillomavirus detection: acquisition and reactivation in older women.","volume":"72","author":"Rositch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R35-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e3182503402","article-title":"The correlation between human papillomavirus positivity and abnormal cervical cytology result differs by age among perimenopausal women.","volume":"17","author":"Rositch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"R36-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.012","article-title":"Differences in the concentration and correlation of cervical immune markers among HPV positive and negative perimenopausal women.","volume":"56","author":"Marks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"R38-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040020","article-title":"The macaque gut microbiome in health, lentiviral infection, and chronic enterocolitis.","volume":"4","author":"McKenna","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"R39-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461","article-title":"Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST.","volume":"26","author":"Edgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R40-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381","article-title":"UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection.","volume":"27","author":"Edgar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R41-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07","article-title":"Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy.","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R43-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1198\/106186008X384898","article-title":"Toward a common framework for statistical analysis and development.","volume":"17","author":"Imai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"R45-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.31.6.1109","article-title":"Simulation run length control in the presence of an initial transient.","volume":"31","author":"Heidelberger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oper Res"},{"key":"R46-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011143","article-title":"Comment: One long run with diagnostics: implementation strategies for Markov chain Monte Carlo.","volume":"7","author":"Raftery","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"R47-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36934","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036934","article-title":"Comparison of storage conditions for human vaginal microbiome studies.","volume":"7","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R48-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9615(1999)069[0001:DBRATM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distance-based redundancy analysis: testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments.","volume":"69","author":"Legendre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecol Monogr"},{"key":"R49-5-20210211","first-page":"7","article-title":"CODA: convergence diagnosis and output analysis for MCMC.","volume":"6","author":"Plummer","year":"2006","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"R50-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i09","article-title":"MCMCpack: Markov chain Monte Carlo in R.","volume":"42","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"R52-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.03.004","article-title":"The aging gut microbiota: new perspectives.","volume":"10","author":"Biagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"R53-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.169","article-title":"Gut microbiota: dietary and social modulation of gut microbiota in the elderly.","volume":"9","author":"Kinross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R54-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02085-06","article-title":"Cultivation-independent analysis of changes in bacterial vaginosis flora following metronidazole treatment.","volume":"45","author":"Ferris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R55-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00694-10","article-title":"Inerolysin, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin produced by Lactobacillus iners.","volume":"193","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R56-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.SGE_Reid","article-title":"Probiotic and prebiotic applications for vaginal health.","volume":"95","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J AOAC Int"},{"key":"R57-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000079740.18541.DB","article-title":"An update on the antiestrogenic effect of smoking: a literature review with implications for researchers and practitioners.","volume":"11","author":"Tanko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R59-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1086\/511279","article-title":"Hyperosmolar sexual lubricant causes epithelial damage in the distal colon: potential implication for HIV transmission.","volume":"195","author":"Fuchs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R60-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1086\/345761","article-title":"Evaluation of the bacterial vaginal flora of 20 postmenopausal women by direct (Nugent score) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) techniques.","volume":"186","author":"Burton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R61-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1139\/w05-070","article-title":"Vaginal microbial diversity among postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy.","volume":"51","author":"Heinemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"R62-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00329.x","article-title":"The effectiveness of live lactobacilli in combination with low dose oestriol (Gynoflor) to restore the vaginal flora after treatment of vaginal infections.","volume":"112","author":"Ozkinay","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R63-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1086\/516221","article-title":"Vaginal microflora in postmenopausal women who have not received estrogen replacement therapy.","volume":"25","author":"Hillier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R64-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1086\/378203","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of vaginal flora alterations in postmenopausal women.","volume":"188","author":"Pabich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R65-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1829-1831.2004","article-title":"Detection of Atopobium vaginae in postmenopausal women by cultivation-independent methods warrants further investigation.","volume":"42","author":"Burton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R66-5-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x","article-title":"Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis.","volume":"109","author":"Donders","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["Menopause"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GME.0b013e3182a4690b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T20:43:10Z","timestamp":1620938590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00042192-201405000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182a4690b","relation":{},"ISSN":["1072-3714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1072-3714","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}