{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:15:56Z","timestamp":1783977356681,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Use of intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring has had limited success in preventing hypoxic injury to neonates. One of the most common limitations of FHR interpretation is the failure to consider chronic and acute clinical factors that may increase the risk of evolving acidemia. This manuscript reviews common clinical factors that may affect the FHR and should be considered when determining the need for early intervention based on changes in the FHR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0000000000000554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T14:00:07Z","timestamp":1593957607000},"page":"625-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Interpretation of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring in the Clinical Context"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"CALLA","family":"HOLMGREN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(58)90707-5","article-title":"The electronic evaluation of the fetal heart rate; preliminary report","volume":"75","author":"Hon","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R2-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5979.341","article-title":"Influence on clinical practice of routine intra-partum fetal monitoring","volume":"3","author":"Edington","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R3-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91280-1","article-title":"Has continuous intrapartum monitoring made any impact on fetal outcome?","volume":"1","author":"Johnstone","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20230911","first-page":"249","article-title":"Perinatal outcome in monitored and unmonitored high-risk deliveries","volume":"14","author":"Weinraub","year":"1978","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"R5-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181841395","article-title":"The 2008 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development workshop report on electronic fetal monitoring: update on definitions, interpretation, and research guidelines","volume":"112","author":"Macones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R6-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)31027-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of hypoxic fetal heart rate patterns","volume":"9","author":"Gimovsky","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"R7-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848794","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/848794","article-title":"Use of continuous electronic fetal monitoring in a preterm fetus: clinical dilemmas and recommendations for practice","volume":"2011","author":"Afors","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"R8-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15819.x","article-title":"Patterns of fetal heart rate during normal pregnancy","volume":"85","author":"Wheeler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R9-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.183","article-title":"Intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns in the prediction of neonatal acidemia","volume":"188","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R10-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70109-1","article-title":"Intrapartum fetal surveillance. is it worthwhile?","volume":"26","author":"Low","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"R11-20230911","first-page":"2S","article-title":"The effect of magnesium sulfate on fetal heart rate baseline variability","volume":"51","author":"Babaknia","year":"1978","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000264248","article-title":"Effect of betamethasone on the fetal heart rate pattern assessed by computerized cardiotocography in normal twin pregnancies","volume":"10","author":"Ville","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"R13-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105746","article-title":"Fetal response to maternally administered morphine","volume":"183","author":"Kopecky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01819.x","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of early versus delayed oxytocin augmentation to treat primary dysfunctional labour in nulliparous women","volume":"115","author":"Hinshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R16-20230911","first-page":"CD000035","article-title":"Tocolytics for suspected intrapartum fetal distress","volume":"2","author":"Kulier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R17-20230911","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mean age of mothers is on the rise: United States, 2000-2014","volume":"232","author":"Mathews","year":"2016","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"pt 1","key":"R18-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158118.75532.51","article-title":"Impact of maternal age on obstetric outcome. FASTER Consortium","volume":"105","author":"Cleary-Goldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050410001668301","article-title":"Maternal age and risk of fetal death in singleton gestations: USA, 1995-2000","volume":"15","author":"Canterino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"R20-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056583","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: evidence from a large contemporary cohort","volume":"8","author":"Kenny","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R21-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.05.038","article-title":"Characteristics and severity of preeclampsia in young and elderly gravidas with hypertensive disease","volume":"228","author":"Rymer-Haskel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R22-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0186287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lean","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R23-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.64","article-title":"A risk stratification model to predict adverse neonatal outcome in labor","volume":"33","author":"Holmgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"R24-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.026","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of fetal heart rate monitoring: deceleration area is predictive of fetal acidemia","volume":"218","author":"Cahill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R26-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.01.001","article-title":"The quality of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring","volume":"116","author":"Bakker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R27-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34432-2","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"R28-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.10.019","article-title":"Effects of maternal glycemia on fetal heart rate in pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"143","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R29-20230911","first-page":"853","article-title":"Computerised analysis of fetal heart rate recordings in maternal type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"108","author":"Tincello","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R30-20230911","first-page":"2","article-title":"Classification of intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"12","author":"Brar","year":"1988","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"R31-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1543954","article-title":"Effect of growth restriction on fetal heart rate patterns in the second stage of labor","volume":"32","author":"Epplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R32-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972926","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios among high-risk patients","volume":"24","author":"Chauhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R33-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.09.084","article-title":"Accelerated acidosis in response to variable fetal heart rate decelerations in chronically hypoxic ovine fetuses","volume":"214","author":"Amaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R34-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31826fd9b0","article-title":"Uterine rupture associated with VBAC","volume":"55","author":"Holmgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R35-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90222-8","article-title":"Influence of maternal heart rate and gross fetal body movements on the daily pattern of fetal heart rate near term","volume":"144","author":"Patrick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R36-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903511578","article-title":"Concerns for decreased foetal movements in uncomplicated pregnancies\u2014increased risk of foetal growth restriction and stillbirth among women being overweight, advanced age or smoking","volume":"23","author":"Tveit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"R37-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.015","article-title":"Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring in cases of cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"191","author":"Kaneko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R38-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23588","article-title":"Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and risks to the fetus","volume":"109","author":"Ornoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"R39-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.5.345","article-title":"Significance of meconium staining of the amniotic fluid","volume":"18","author":"SKariniemi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"R40-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117359","article-title":"Abnormal fetal heart rate tracing patterns during the first stage of labor: effect on perinatal outcome","volume":"185","author":"Hadar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R41-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.08.043","article-title":"Abnormal fetal heart rate tracing patterns in patients with thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid: association with perinatal outcomes","volume":"200","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R42-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3819-6","article-title":"Fetal heart rate patterns of pregnancies with vasa previa and velamentous cord insertion","volume":"293","author":"Baumfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R43-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1078761","article-title":"Fetal heart rate monitoring patterns in women with amniotic fluid proteomic profiles indicative of inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R44-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32231-1","article-title":"The course of labor in term patients with chorioamnionitis","volume":"147","author":"Duff","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R45-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0553-9","article-title":"Severe fetal acidemia in cases of clinical chorioamnionitis in which the infant later developed cerebral palsy","volume":"15","author":"Matsuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"R46-20230911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.037","article-title":"A framework for standardized management of intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns","volume":"197","author":"Parer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R47-20230911","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Intrapartum fetal monitoring","volume":"80","author":"Bailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"}],"container-title":["Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T08:18:47Z","timestamp":1694420327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000554"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/grf.0000000000000554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9201","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]}}}