{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:51:53Z","timestamp":1793083913908,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The perceived safety of cannabis and nicotine\/tobacco use contribute to use of these substances in pregnancy. We assessed time trends in self-reported perception of safety of use of cannabis and nicotine\/tobacco among US women of reproductive age. We also reviewed qualitative literature to elucidate factors contributing to the perceived safety of use of cannabis and nicotine\/tobacco. US women increasingly perceive cannabis use as posing no health risks; whereas cigarette smoking is perceived as posing substantial health risks. Qualitative studies suggest that personal experiences, sociocultural norms, and environmental factors contribute to the perceived safety of cannabis and nicotine\/tobacco use in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0000000000000692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T17:03:43Z","timestamp":1644512623000},"page":"319-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Perceptions of Safety Around Use of Cannabis and Nicotine\/Tobacco in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Marian","family":"Jarlenski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Policy and Management"},{"name":"Center for Women\u2019s Health Research and Innovation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral and Community Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12162","article-title":"Inoculation and narrative strategies in competitive framing of three health policy issues","volume":"65","author":"Niederdeppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"R4-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-003-1018-2","article-title":"Descriptive norms as an additioanl predictor in the theory of planned behavior: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Rivis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"R5-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x","article-title":"Toward a psychology of human agency","volume":"1","author":"Bandura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.5.778","article-title":"Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: a meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation","volume":"132","author":"Glasman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R8-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02197.x","article-title":"The importance of affective beliefs and attitudes in the theory of planned behavior: predicting intention to increase physical activity","volume":"35","author":"French","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"R9-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028500","article-title":"Some feelings are more important: cognitive attitudes, affective attitudes, anticipated affect, and blood donation","volume":"32","author":"Conner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"R11-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17225","article-title":"Trends in self-reported and biochemically tested marijuana use among pregnant females in California From 2009-2016","volume":"318","author":"Young-Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R12-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among middle and high school students\u2014United States, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Gentzke","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R13-20250512","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy\u2014Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 40 sites, 2000-2010","volume":"62","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ"},{"key":"R14-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000625","article-title":"Daily cannabis use during pregnancy and postpartum in a state with legalized recreational cannabis","volume":"14","author":"Barbosa-Leiker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"R15-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-03012-3","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use and perceptions regarding prenatal care among pregnant Brazilian Women, 2017 to 2018: a mixed-methods study","volume":"24","author":"Bianchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"R16-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134823","article-title":"Addressing and Overcoming Barriers to E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study","volume":"17","author":"Bowker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R17-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2016.1246425","article-title":"Perceived risks and reasons to smoke cigarettes during pregnancy among Alaska native women","volume":"23","author":"Bronars","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"R18-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.028","article-title":"Beliefs and attitudes regarding prenatal marijuana use: perspectives of pregnant women who report use","volume":"196","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"R19-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2016.02.009","article-title":"Perceptions of electronic cigarettes among Medicaid-eligible pregnant and postpartum women","volume":"45","author":"Fallin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"R20-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2020.102917","article-title":"Risk perception of cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy: a qualitative postpartum perspective","volume":"94","author":"Froggatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"R21-20250512","first-page":"22","article-title":"Why M\u0101ori women continue to smoke while pregnant","volume":"124","author":"Glover","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"R22-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12949","article-title":"How do pregnant women justify smoking? A qualitative study with implications for nurses\u2019 and midwives\u2019 anti-tobacco interventions","volume":"72","author":"Goszczy\u0144ska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"R23-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2016.03.010","article-title":"Pregnant women\u2019s access to information about perinatal marijuana use: a qualitative study","volume":"26","author":"Jarlenski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"R24-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.38.5.13","article-title":"Women\u2019s perspectives on smoking and pregnancy and graphic warning labels","volume":"38","author":"Levis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"R25-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12373","article-title":"The opinions regarding smoking behaviors in the postpartum period of the women who quit smoking during pregnancy: a qualitative study","volume":"56","author":"Kocatas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"R26-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10261","DOI":"10.2196\/10261","article-title":"Substance use among young mothers: an analysis of Facebook posts","volume":"1","author":"Oram","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatr Parent"},{"key":"R27-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157525","article-title":"\u201cI Was a Full Time Proper Smoker\u201d: a qualitative exploration of smoking in the home after childbirth among women who relapse postpartum","volume":"11","author":"Orton","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"R28-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1906277","article-title":"Twitter posts about cannabis use during pregnancy and postpartum:a content analysis","volume":"56","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"R29-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.102533","article-title":"Perceived threats, benefits and barriers of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. A qualitative analysis of risk perception within existing threads in online discussion forums","volume":"79","author":"Schilling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"R30-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2016.09.008","article-title":"Is it safe to vape? Analyzing online forums discussing E-cigarette use during pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Wigginton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"R31-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.8112","article-title":"Women\u2019s questions about perinatal cannabis use and health care providers\u2019 responses","volume":"29","author":"Young-Wolff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R32-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1856-4","article-title":"Views on and experiences of electronic cigarettes: a qualitative study of women who are pregnant or have recently given birth","volume":"18","author":"Bowker","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"}],"container-title":["Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T15:08:13Z","timestamp":1747062493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/grf.0000000000000692","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9201"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9201","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}}}